Importance of Communication.in the Workplace Essay -- essays research

Importance of Communication.in the Workplace â€Å"Did you hear the latest rumor?† Jeff said to Sally. â€Å"No, what’s going around now?† said Sally. â€Å"Remember all the big wigs that were here last week from out of town? Well, I heard from Jack on third shift that they were here to seal the deal on buying the company. He heard that they’re from some big company down south and their real big on bringing in their own people. You know what the means.† â€Å"Yeah,† said Sally, â€Å"but I heard from Helen in Human Relations that one of the reasons they’re even thinking about merging with this other company is because we’re not doing so well. If this doesn’t go through, our benefits may get cut and lay-offs are pretty much guaranteed. She also said that she heard the benefits this other company has aren’t as good as what we have now. So, either way it looks like we’ll lose.† â€Å"Sounds like you may be right,† sighed Jeff, â€Å"I guess it’s time to start looking for another job. Hey, maybe I’ll find one where the company actually lets you know what’s going on.† The â€Å"grapevine† or â€Å"rumor mill† is a part of any company’s communication structure. As demonstrated here, it enables employees to share information about things relative to the company where they work. However, also demonstrated here is how it contributes to the morale of the work environment. Communication is a very important element of the work environment. Though it is important for employees to be able to communicate with each other, it is more important that the employer effectively communicates with its employees. Without effective communication, an employer risks letting the rumor mill run rampant which could jeopardize its employees moral and overall performance. The effects of good and bad communication are discussed to providing us with further information regarding the importance of commu nication. We also discuss how a work environment can create good and bad morale. First we will be discussing good communication and what good communication skills are. Also, we need to know how they can be used effectively. Good communication is defined as a process of creating, sending, receiving, and interrupting signals between people. Communication is a process that consists of two or more people and through this process you have a sender and a receiver. For communication to be effective everyone in this process must try to be open m... ...any picnic †¢ Morale building †¢ Open house †¢ Retirement program †¢ Birthday program †¢ Credit union †¢ Company store (employees can purchase shirts, jackets, caps and many other logo products. †¢ Quality circles †¢ Holiday gifts (Thanksgiving turkeys, a set of cutlery a serving tray and a clock all about equal in price †¢ Celebrate success (when people work hard on a project make sure they are Acknowledged). †¢ Be fair and honest with everyone Website page http://www.printalbepromotions.com/Articles/Morale.htm. Hopefully after reading this paper everyone appreciates how important communication is to a successful business. Good communication can be considered one of the most important elements of successful business dealings. Whether you are talking about good communication between the company and its customers or between the employer and employees success cannot be had unless the communication lines are open and understood by all involved. Without proper communication in the workplace there become road blocks so to speak which leads to poor employee morale, rumors, and basically the breakdown of the company. So as you can see good communication is the foundation of a successful company.

Philip II Essay

King Philip II ruled over the western Habsburg kingdom, which included Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia. When he got married to Mary I, he then ruled over England and Ireland. There were major challenges that Philip II faced during his reign. Some of the problems were finances and control over some of his countries, such as Spain and the Netherlands. Philip II had many problems throughout Spain since the time it had grown unstable. Philip II had a debt and needed to pay back his bankers and mercenaries. He was able to make some money from the silver from mines in Bolivia. Since there was money coming from the Americas, Europe was able to gain some wealth. Europe also gained an increase in its population. This caused inflation, which was less food and fewer jobs, while still having the population overflow. There was an obviously visible gap between the richer people and the poor ones. Because of a need for money, the unprivileged people of Spain suffered greatly from the harsh taxes of Philip II. Philip II also wanted an efficient bureaucracy and military. He made the lesser nobility into the bureaucracy because if he would have used higher nobles they may try to gain more power. Philip II had to deal with a Turkish threat in the Mediterranean. So, Spain, Venice, and the Pope created the Holy League. In a naval battle, The Battle of Lapanto, they defeated the Turks who had tried to invade Austria. Control had been secured in the Mediterranean and then Spain annexed Portugal. Philip eventually declared bankruptcy and could not pay his soldiers. They became known as the Spanish fury when they attacked Antwerp. While Philip II was dealing with many complications, the Netherlands came along and caused more damage for him. The Count of Egmont and William of Nassau, or William of Orange, started a strong opposition to Spanish overlords. Because of this, Philip II decided that the decrees of the Council of Trent and the Inquisition were to be enforced in the Netherlands. Louis of Nassau led the opposition of Philip II’s decision. This caused Protestants to riot throughout the country. In response to this, Philip sent the Duke of Alba to suppress the people. Alba publicly killed thousands of suspected heretics. This was known as the Council of Troubles, but it was referred to as the Council of Blood in the Netherlands. The Duke of Alba also enforced taxes, such as a ten percent sales tax that caused people to flee the country. Furthermore, Philip II only had one chance left to destroy the Netherlandic resistance, so he called William of Orange an outlaw and even placed a bounty on him. But William of Orange had a speech, the Apology, which called Philip a tyrant, causing the Union of Utrecht to disregard Philip as their ruler. King Philip II went through a lot during his time of reign. He was dealing with many different countries, some under and some not under his rule. Spain had a very bad economy that was not going far. There was an inflation, which made everything even more difficult. Then in the Netherlands, they wanted to be free. They caused trouble for Philip and tried to resist whatever he did. Philip even had to send over the Duke of Alba, and the people of the Netherlands hated him for it. The problems in the Netherlands led to the Twelve Years’ Truce, where the northern provinces gained independence. Later on, their official independence was from the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.

Role Of The Railroads Shifted Over Time - 1354 Words

The role of the railroads shifted over time. Eight months after the United States entered the First World War in 1918, President Woodrow Wilson called for the country’s railroads to be nationalized to mean the demands of the war. He did so under the Federal Possession and Control Act. As part of this process, he also decided to have new steam engines and cars designed to boost the abilities of the rail industry. He also arranged for the Railroad Control Act which took place in 1920. This act stated that when a peace treaty was signed, within 21 months, the railroads would be returned to their owners and compensation would be given for use of property. This did occur and the railroads were returned to private property. Railroads not†¦show more content†¦This allows the industry to be better connected and function as a whole to allow for best productivity, volume, revenue, and rates. Ultimately, the history of the rail industry was build one person at a time as they discovered and implemented a connection that would advance the industry. However, there were some key individuals who greatly influenced the process. As previously mentioned, Colonel John Stevens was an influential individual as he was a spark towards the first American railroad. Another instrumental individual was James Hill. Hill is known for his expansion of the railroads. He was a U.S. and Canadian railroad executive. He owned and grew the Great Northern Railway Company, and he also added additional companies. Jay Gould was another influential railroad executive. He is best known for his work as a financer and developer of projects in the rail industry. The influential people are not limited to only rails though. Cornelius Vanderbilt was known for his part in the shipping industry as a whole. He started out with a steamboat company, moved into steamships, and then expanded to include railroads. He also implemented the first service rail between New York and Chicago. In the same way, there are some principal companies who serve as fundamental pieces of the industry today. These main companies are referred to as Class 1 Railroads. In order for a railroad to be classified as Class 1 it must have an operating revenue of $433.2 million or more. There areShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Revolution Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Industrial Revolution In the 19th century, America became an industrial country, the powered machinery shifted the industry into mass production. The development of steam engines improved the transportation system, further, increased the production of iron and steel. The textile industries have begun to develop, and produce various products. The industrialization leads to accessible banking, further, deliver telegraph communication to many businesses through locomotive trains. This essayRead MoreChanges And Reforms Of American Industry962 Words   |  4 PagesChange and Reforms in American Industry Between the 1880s and the 1920s, American Capitalism was greatly shifted by the rise of industrialism. The American industrial growth changed significantly after the Civil War. Hand labor was replaced by machines which vastly increased the number of production. Business leaders were able to expand their companies due to investors who provided great amounts of money. However, large companies took advantage of the tremendous growth of the general population byRead More President Woodrow Wilson Essays842 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment with his many programs that he would establish in his time in office. On the global front he would play a major role in the founding of The League of Nations. In domestic affairs he would push through major programs such as the Federal Reserve Act, The Federal Trade Commission, and The Clayton Antitrust Act, which strengthened laws limiting the power of large corporations. He would later go on to establish an 8-hour workday for railroad workers, and woul d secure federal loans for farmers. PresidentRead MoreThe Evolution Of Private Security1487 Words   |  6 Pageskinds of services against different kinds of natural and man-made risks with a huge focus on the human-related risks of factors. Despite differences in the kinds of services provided by private security personnel, they spend a considerable amount of time in non-police and non-enforcement tasks and functions. In addition to crime prevention and detection, private security personnel offer significant public relation services. The differences in the kinds of services offered by private security personnelRead MoreThe Vibrant and Unpredictable Era of the Gilded Age1050 Words   |  4 Pagesdangerous conditions for low pay and the American people sought political and social reforms in an effort to rebalance the scale of power in the United States. During the Gilded Age, the American economy had shifted from a nation of small farmers and craftsmen to an economy transformed by railroads and telephone lines that stretched from coast to coast. Confronted by new models of economics and politics, unforeseen struggles caused farmers and laborers to fight for survival while emerging industrialistsRead MoreThe Civil War And American History890 Words   |  4 Pages In American History many significant events took place that reflected religious faith of multiple Americans and has shaped the world we live in today. Throughout the 1800s, the most memorable times in America took place throughout the Civil War. Events that escalated before, during and even following the Civil War resulted in a chain of reactions from many people within that period. After analyzing the events of the Civil War, I was able to draw a connection to the actions of the soldiers, womenRead MoreDiscuss the Political, Social, and Economic Impact of the Civil War on the Us.729 Words   |  3 Pagesgovernment even greater control over the economy of the nation. This also allowed for the government to assist in the establishment of businesses. There was also rapid and mass industrialization that took place in both the North and South. Such was needed in order to supply all the products needed to survive as well as fight this modern war. This brought about the Second Industrial Revolution. Much money was invested into public transportation, especially the railroads, in order to allow for easierRead MoreBlessed Among Nations And By Elizabeth Borgwardt1749 Words   |  7 Pagesthe top tier of nations among the world, this was clearly not the case in the nineteenth century as America was not viewed a nation that created much worry to other countries before 1900. Shortly into the twentieth century, however, circumstances shifted to bring America towards the top to rise above most countries in its relationship towards its citizens and other countries. This movement to become a powerhouse of a country was dissected and discussed by Eric Rauchway in his book Blessed Among NationsRead MoreThe Age Of Transition Of The United States1874 Words   |  8 Pagesand witnessed the collapse of the Federalist Party in 1812, it was Alexander Hamilton’s political and economic views which proved predominant in the subsequent 19th century. The expansion of capitalism and industrialization– the development of new railroads, canals, and manufacturing factories in the North– not only contributed to the end of Thomas Jefferson’s Agrarian Yeoman era, but ultimately proved crucial to the Unionâ₠¬â„¢s victory during the Civil War. Nevertheless, by no means had Thomas Jefferson’sRead MoreThe Permanent Impact Of The Industrial Revolution1474 Words   |  6 Pageswe think about this? Because we have never known life to be any other way. However, it wasn’t always this easy or convenient. People didn’t just wake up one morning to a revolutionized America. It was a slow, evolving process, one that occurred over more than 250 years and, in fact, it is still evolving today. The Industrial Revolution changed human life forever by changing the way goods were produced, increasing production, improving transportation and communication means, and changing the social

Personal Note On Happiness And Happiness - 968 Words

Happiness When asking someone what makes them happy, you more than likely would receive a million different answers. The general definition of happiness or being happy is a state of well-being and contentment, or a pleasurable or satisfying experience. An individual’s definition of happiness more as excitement increase in the tendency to choose ab exciting option over a calming option; and defining happiness more as feeling calm increase the tendency to choose a calming option over exciting option. So, what makes people happy? The answer to what make people happy varies depending on what they might like or be content with. To someone a plate of hot wings or a day at the spa would make them happy. I personally think spending time with family, friends, or a significant other is the key to being happy. I always seem to be happiest when I’m with my family, friends, or girlfriend. The need for social connections with friends and family makes me feel so alive and very happy. According to Dan Gilbert we all have the â€Å"moral molecule† which is associated with both love and pain relief. It releases high levels of oxytocin when we think about those we care for and love. Being happy places a major key in living a healthy life. Love and happiness may not originate in the heart, but I believe it does make the heart healthy. According to www.webmd.com, found that the happiest people were 22 percent less likely to develop heart disease over the 10 years of follow-up than people who fell inShow MoreRelatedMill’S Two Proofs For The Ultimate Norm Of Morality . In907 Words   |  4 Pagesmorality, Mill claims that the utilitarian must claim that happiness happens to be the one and only thing that is desirable in itself. He also claims that the only proof of desirability is desire and goes ahead to give an argument that happiness happens to be the one and only thing that should be desired (Selling, 2016). Most importantly, Mill argues that an individual does desire his own happiness for its personal reasons and that makes happiness to be desired by and becomes desirable for its own sakeRead MoreEthical Egoism, Ethical Altruism, And Eudaimonia1660 Words   |  7 Pagesword, and there was association of euda imonia with having success, happiness and flourishing in life. Having unearthed the definitions of the terms, the discussion shall determine the differences between ethical altruism and ethical egoism, and how the aspects of Aristotle can aid the achievement of eudaimonia. As observed above, altruism puts the concerns of the other person at the forefront. Post, Underwood Schloss et. al. (3) note that for people with altruistic tendencies, they often act in theRead MoreMeasuring Personal Happiness : A Small But, A Comprehensive Guide925 Words   |  4 PagesMeasuring Personal Happiness: A Small But, a Comprehensive Guide By Vaishnavi S | Submitted On June 10, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Vaishnavi S There is no specific measuring scaleRead MoreKant And John Stuart Mill s Utility Based, Utilitarian Moral Theory1551 Words   |  7 Pagesconsequently have no moral worth. On the other hand, an action that is based on respect for duty is always guaranteed to be good-in-itself because it is the right thing to do despite personal inclination. 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Since one single accepted definitionRead MoreThe Importance Of A Great Deal Of Information Regarding Varies Levels Of Personal As Well As Intrapersonal Relations1264 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The basic emotion of happiness consumes the average day of an individual a countless number of times. From the simplest encounter with a loved one to the birth of a child we are continuously overwhelmed with this great sense of bliss. Although this emotion and the experiences which bring it about are expressed and shared by people the world over, a question must still be raised; what does it mean to happy? The present study aims to answer this question through the analysis of qualitativeRead MoreOn Utilitarianism Essay1119 Words   |  5 Pagesthe principles of Utilitarianism. Also referred to as the Greatest-happiness Principle, this doctrine promotes the greatest happiness for the greatest amount of people. More specifically, Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism, holding that the right act is that which yields the greatest net utility, or the total amount of pleasure minus the total amount of pain, for all individuals affected by said act (Joyce, lecture notes from 03/30). In defining utilitarianism, J.S. Mill counters theRead More1984 Happiness Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1984, the concept of happiness is portrayed as meaningless and that the truth opposes happiness. According to Big Brother and the party, they can only survive by suppressing individual happiness and freedom. People are not allowed to pursue happiness because if they have the freedom they could revolt against the party, and the party wants to control people’s minds and emotions so that they follow Big Brother. Big Brother, though he never appears in the book, he is an extremely important figureRead MoreEssay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals perceive their own quality of life, or well-being, has led to investigating the relationships between macro and individual level variables, described as happiness. What is happiness and how do we measure happiness? Happiness plays an important role in the way people perceive the overall society they live in (Duarte et al., 2010). Happiness has been economically defined as utility, which sums all of the benefits and costs associated with an activity, including opportunity costs of time participatingRead MoreHappiness and Impossible Standards in Aristotles The Nicomachean Ethics563 Words   |  3 PagesHumans, throughout recorded history, have searched for a proper way of living which would lead them to ultimate happiness; the Nicomachean Ethics, a compilation of lecture notes on the subject written by Greek philosopher Aristotle, is one of the most celebrated philosophical works dedicated to this study of the way. As he describes it, happiness can only be achieved by acting in conformity with virtues, virtues being established by a particular culture’s ideal person operating at their top capacity

Evaluate the Claim That Identity Is Determined by...

Evaluate the claim that Identity is determined by relationships Essay Plan First Paragraph Introduction Define Identity Quote Changing identities Gender identity Mines (DVD) Second Paragraph New mothers Gous quote Quote pg 254, 269 and 265 Body image Racial – Fanon - 278 Third Paragraph Social psychology Michael Billig – quote 274 National Identity – 212 Freud - quote Fourth Paragraph Conclusion Quote – 252 Erik Erikson Evaluate the claim that Identity is determined by relationships Definitions are important as they influence how we think and how our lives are shaped, just as our identities make us who we are, with different relationships pushing us in different directions. Aspects of our lives†¦show more content†¦(Hollway, 2009, pg 265). Some new mothers do struggle at first to bond with their newborn and post-natal depression is a common occurrence and this may affect the baby’s well-being, and later in life possibly their identity. Body image is another huge factor when thinking about identity and due to the western worlds obsession with body image most pregnant women are eager to get back to their original shape after giving birth. Changing shape can mean that your identity changes with it as you don’t feel yourself, this can be due to illness, pregnancy or some other factor. So many people feel that in order to regain your sense of self you need to look the best you possibly can. The importance of bodies and biology is extremely im portant in the study of identities, as it can refer to our femaleness or maleness (as I mentioned in the paragraph about the male miners) and also our racial and ethnic identities. A qualified psychiatrist named Frantz Fanon wrote about the effects of racism on black people’s identities. He moved from theCaribbean Island to Europe and feltShow MoreRelatedWho Am I?: Individualistic and Collectivist Identities Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pagesupon global society and diversity, humans have a golden opportunity to evaluate themselves and how they identify both individually and in their broader culture. Although the question of â€Å"who am I† is perhaps one of the classical questions of the human cognizance of identity, our identity as both groups and individuals is directly related to the culture we are a part of, especially in regards to whether that culture is determined to be individualistic or collectivist. These differing mindsets have anRead MoreThe Ethics Of Ethical Behavior1491 Words   |  6 Pagesfreedom, and personal existence for the betterment of all of humanity. The existential idea that individuals possess the power and agency to shape their own lives (at least the decisions they make based off their circumstances) and one’s life is not determined by one’s existence relates to my personal philosophies of what constitutes ethical behavior. Each individual is dealt different circumstances in life, therefore a set list of rational ideals and values does not adequately address the what constitutesRead MoreThe Psychological And Medical Views On Transsexuality Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesintersex infants has been practiced for decades to eliminate gender ambiguity. Proponents of this practice claim that, by assigning a gender at an early age, parents will bond with their intersex child and the child will be subjected to lower dozes of peer rejection and teasing. They virtually ignore the fact that we are forcing people to be forever haunted by their gender-constructed identities, hormones, plastic surgeries and other medical treatments to ‘feminize’ and become new Caitlyn Jenners sinceRead MoreCompare and Contrast Marxist and Weberian Theories of Stratification1525 Words   |  7 PagesQ: Compare and Contrast Marxist and Weberian Theories of Stratification. The purpose of this essay is to compare, contrast and critically evaluate Marxist and Weberian theories of stratification. To do this effectively this essay must explain and consider the main features, claims and perspectives of both Karl Marx and Max Weber. O’Donnell (1992) defines social stratification as â€Å"the division of a society or group into hierarchically ordered layers. Members of each layer are considered broadly equalRead MoreEssay on The Battle for Homosexual Adoption1696 Words   |  7 Pagescognitive abilities, behavior, general emotional development, or†¦ self-esteem, depression, or anxiety.† However, if there were any differences, Meezan and Rauch find that â€Å"they tend to favor children raised in lesbian families.† Furthermore, Patterson claims no differences in the following psychological effects from children raised in different households: â€Å"separation-individuation, psychiatric evaluations, assessments of behavior problems, personality, self-concept, locus of control, moral judgment,Read MoreEssay On How To Reduce Cyberch In National Security1527 Words   |  7 PagesDATA SECURITY a) Systems and controls to reduce a risk of cyber attacks There are a number of actions recommended to prevent or reduce cyber attack risk. 1. Determine the Company’s Security Chain The company’s entire security chain needs to be determined and evaluated. If even a single link is weak, the company could be vulnerable to attack. 2. Develop a Compliance Work Plan A company should create a written compliance plan to monitor the highest risks for a potential cyber attack. The complianceRead MoreProcedures For Checking Health, Security And Identity1764 Words   |  8 Pagesprocedure for checking health, security and identity? Is there detention? Is it judicially reviewable? Once entering Canada, each claimant has to be interviewed by a representative of the Canadian Citizenship and Immigration department. The applicant fulfills a form with the overview of the issues relating to identity, travel documents, education, employment history, date of birth, family members, marital status, criminal record, route to Canada, previous refugee claims etc. The data evaluated during theRead More The Effect of Cultural Difference on Intercultural Marriage Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pagesmeet prospective partners from other cultures than they had in the past. â€Å"The number of intercultural couples is increasing worldwide.† (Klein, par.3) Many intercultural couples claim that their relationships do not differentiate from monoculture relationships at first. Passionate love bonds them. When their relationships come to a stable stage after a while, however, cultural difference immerges. The couples can certainly benefit from cultural difference yet they also have to face the challengesRead MoreSustainability Research Paper1682 Words   |  7 PagesConsistent True / Genuine / Real Ethical / Moral Having Authority / Valid Institutional Theory Legitimate / Lawful (Legal) / Appropriate Legally or socially obligated While there are various meanings of authenticity, consumers experience and evaluate it differently by using a range of cues. Cues are based on consumer interests and knowledge of subjects (Grazian 2003) and the distinction between the authentic and inauthentic tends to be subjective and socially or personally constructed (LeighRead MoreStructure and Functioning of the Personality in Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory1713 Words   |  7 Pagesour unsatisfied drives and unconscious wishes. For Freud, the unconscious was a powerful force in behavior: thoughts and actions, which a patient didn’t even realize were very important in his researches. Freud based his ideas on this claims. The unconscious mind (or subconscious) is the feature of the mind of which we are not directly conscious or aware. Unconscious contains all those experiences and feelings that are  »hidden « in our mind and we cannot recall them into

Concept Of Tragedy In Macbeth free essay sample

Macbeth is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, which has been performed on stage for a wide range of different audiences since its creation in the sixteenth century. It depicts the endeavours of Lord Macbeth to become king through a series of murders, egged on by his wife, Lady Macbeth. The reason Macbeth can be called a tragedy is because the elements of tragedy are present throughout. Macbeth also adheres to Aristotle’s definition of tragedy. That is, that a tragedy describes the fatal error of a generally good person causing their downfall and demise, and stirs fear and pity in the audience. The themes in Macbeth also contribute to the concept of tragedy. Two such themes are the supernatural and ambition. A reoccurring theme in Macbeth is the theme of the supernatural. The supernatural was something that the audience of the original performances of Macbeth, during the sixteenth century, could relate to, as this was a period of genuine belief in, and often fear of, witchcraft. During this era, many people, often outcasts from society or oddballs, were accused of being witches and put on trial, which usually resulted in them being killed. Therefore, Shakespeare’s purpose in including the theme of the supernatural in Macbeth was to relate to his audiences. This theme is demonstrated in Macbeth through techniques such as rhyming couplets. This is demonstrated in ACT I, SCENE I, when the character known only as ‘first witch’ cries, â€Å"When shall we three meet again? In thunder, lightning, or in rain? † The fact that this unit of verse is a rhyming couplet adds to the surrealism and strangeness of the three witches which are introduced in this theme. These witches are almost the physical embodiment of the supernatural in Macbeth, and the technique of rhyming couplets is almost consistent throughout the rest of this short scene. The rest of the scene sees the witches predicting the time of day the battle will cease, and foretelling where they will happen across Macbeth. A second technique which expresses the theme of supernatural is foreshadowing. Foreshadowing is a technique which hints at future plot developments. This technique is displayed in ACT I, SCENE 3, when the third witch exclaims, â€Å"All hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter. † In this case, the foreshadowing is very obvious, as the witch is informing Macbeth of his future title as king of Scotland. However, there is already a king of Scotland- King Duncan. This prophecy sends Macbeth into a wild flurry of thoughts about how he is to be king when King Duncan is alive and well, and Macbeth very quickly jumps to the conclusion that he must murder Duncan. However, it is at this moment that Macbeth realises he is involved in something dark and complex- and this connects the theme of the supernatural to the concept of tragedy, as this is links to the Aristotelian element of tragedy known as anagorisis. Anagorisis is a moment of insight or understanding on the part of the tragic hero, as they suddenly realises the web of fate surrounding him. In this case, Macbeth hears the witches claim he will be king, and realises that he has a fate much larger and more important than he’d ever thought. The supernatural also contributes to the concept of tragedy as it links to the element of tragedy which states that a tragedy contains supernatural elements. This is clearly evident in the appearance of the witches and their disconcerting knack for prophesising. Ambition is a predominant theme in Macbeth, as Macbeth’s ambition is what drives him to commit the acts of murder which lead to his demise. Shakespeare’s audience at the time would not have been unfamiliar with tales of ambitious men of high estate killing kings to claim the throne. Shakespeare’s purpose in highlighting the theme of ambition in Macbeth may have been to incorporate a very realistic and common element of the ways of the royalty at the time. A technique which communicates the theme of ambition in Macbeth is an aside. An aside is a means of a character communicating his thoughts aloud, through a remark or comment that no other character on stage hears or reacts to. For example, in ACT I, SCENE 4, when Macbeth says to himself, â€Å"Stars, hide your fires; Let not light see my black and deep desires. The eye wink at the hand, yet let that be which the eye fears, when it is done, to see. † This is said after Macbeth notes, also to himself, that Malcolm, the newly crowned Prince of Cumberland, is an obstacle which must be dealt with. The quote is an expression of Macbeth’s horror at his own deadly thoughts, and he describes his ambition as â€Å"black and deep desires†. And yet, the last line of this quote is an admittance, as Macbeth realises he will succumb to his ambition and desires, and will commit the evil act, despite his horror at himself. Another technique which links to the theme of ambition is soliloquy. Similar to an aside, a soliloquy is a monologue spoken by a character when he or she is alone on stage about their innermost thoughts and feelings. The technique of soliloquy communicates the theme of ambition because in his soliloquies, Macbeth unguardedly acknowledges his murderous thoughts and dangerous desires. For example, Macbeth’s ambition manifests itself in quotes such as this from ACT I SCENE 7: â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition which o’erleaps itself and falls on th’other. † In this quote, Macbeth recognises that he has no good reasons or motivation to kill Duncan, but is fired solely by his ambition. He also has a moment of foresight, when he says that ambition â€Å"o’erleaps itself and falls on th’other†- In other words, makes people rush ahead of themselves towards trouble. This is certainly what happens to Macbeth, when his ambition leads him to murder and cause trouble for himself, and eventually leads to his demise. The concepts presented by the above quotes relate to two of Aristotle’s elements of tragedy- Hamartia and Hubris. Hamartia is the fatal flaw of the tragic hero which leads to eventual catastrophe. In this case, ambition is Macbeth’s fatal flaw, because his ambition and his â€Å"black and deep desires† lead to thoughts of murder of Malcolm and Duncan, which in turn leads to the act of murder, which then results in Macbeth’s aforementioned demise and death. Hubris refers to false pride on the part of the tragic hero which crosses ethical boundaries and ends in woe for the hero. Hubris ties in with the theme of ambition because Macbeth’s ambition arouses false pride which leads him to believe that he should and will be king, and that he can change fate, which then leads to the murder of Duncan, and the act of murder is the ultimate overstepping of ethical boundaries. In conclusion, Macbeth is a tragedy by William Shakespeare which features the themes of the supernatural and ambition. These themes are communicated in Macbeth through techniques such as rhyming couplets, foreshadowing, asides and soliloquies, and contribute to the concept of tragedy through their links with elements of tragedy, both Aristotelian and not, including Hamartia, Hubris, Anagorisis and elements of the supernatural. Therefore, the themes of the supernatural and ambition contribute to the concept of tragedy in Macbeth. A second theme in Macbeth is gender politics. This theme is evident in this quote from Lady Macbeth, which appears in ACT I, SCENE 5: â€Å"Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts. Unsex me here and fill me from the crown to the toe topfull of direst cruelty†¦ Come to my woman’s breasts and take my milk for gall. † In this quote, Lady Macbeth begs spirits to make her less feminine and more masculine, so that she may be more brutal and cruel, and therefore able to commit murder and do what is necessary for Macbeth to become king. The concept of tragedy which is apparent in this is the concept of supernatural elements, which presents itself when Lady Macbeth calls on unseen spirits to take away her femininity. Lady Macbeth calls on these spirits to turn the mother’s milk of her woman’s breasts to bitter poison. Lady Macbeth makes several other references breastfeeding and mothering when comparing femininity and gentleness to masculinity and cruelness. One such reference is in ACT I, SCENE 7, when Lady Macbeth questions Macbeth’s masculinity, because he does not want to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth then follows this with the quote â€Å"I have given suck and know how tender it is to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this. † This quote shows a reversal in gender politics, as Lady Macbeth reverses the very symbol of gentle femininity, by claiming that she would have bashed her own baby’s brains out if she had sworn to. This demonstrates a disturbance of moral order, which is a concept of tragedy. The notion of a mother tearing her baby from her breast to kill it by bashing its brains out shows a complete turnaround in the moral order of a mother who would ordinarily be caring and nurturing of her baby.

Lab Report »Calibration of Volumetric Glassware Essay Example

Lab Report: ? »?Calibration of Volumetric Glassware Paper This experiment must be repeated three times or more and take the average reading to get more accurate data. By using the formulae, the standard deviation and relative standard deviation could be calculated. As the result, the lower the standard deviation, the higher the consistency of an instrument. Although the instrument may measure a given sample, the value might need to be altered due to various conditions and errors. Objectives The objective of the experiments was to; Calibrate a 10 ml volumetric pipette. Calibrate a 25 ml volumetric pipette. Calibrate a 100 ml volumetric flask. Calibrate a 50 ml measuring cylinder Introduction Volumetric glassware is used to accurately measure volumes. Despite all of the tools and instruments available for the use of measuring values of various data, it is impossible to measure the true value of anything. This experiment is intended to develop a persons capacity to handle volumetric glassware. One must understand how to handle volumetric glassware to acquire the best possible data from the equipment used in lab. Although the instrument may measure a given sample, the value might need to be altered due to various conditions. However, with practice and experience, we can reach very close to the true value, gaining the ability to measure with both high accuracy and precision. The objective of this experiment is to calibrate a ml burette and other volumetric glassware by calculating their correction values. By doing so, we can correct systematic errors caused by the burettes or glasswares values. A systematic error is an error in reading the scale when a physical quantity is being measured. Systematic errors are caused by the instrument, observer and surroundings. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report: ? »?Calibration of Volumetric Glassware specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report: ? »?Calibration of Volumetric Glassware specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report: ? »?Calibration of Volumetric Glassware specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another main type of error is random error. Random error is an error which occurs when the observer is reading the scale on the measuring instrument. Volumetric glassware is used to accurately measure volumes. In any given experiment, students may come across systematic errors or random errors. Random errors are not able to be corrected by a standard mean because they are not consistent. However, systematic errors are consistent and is able to be detected which allows students to correct the error that was found. So, using uncelebrated glassware will cause a systematic error. This error occurs because he volume reading given by the glassware is slightly different than the actual volume that is obtained in the glassware. In order to avoid systematic error, it important to calibrate the measuring instrument so that there is a standard value for zero which allows the measurement to be more accurate. Calibration of volumetric glassware such as burette is carried out by weighing the amount of water delivered. The temperature of the water used in the calibration must be known since the density of water changes. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the measurement of the actual illume contents of volumetric glassware. If there is a slight variation in this instrument, it would cause systematic error and thus, the accuracy of results of an experiment or investigation would be affected. All volumetric glassware has marking on it. It is either being marked with AD or ETC, which brings the meaning of to deliver and to contain respectively. For example, a pipette has a marking of AD, which means a pipette is marked as a to deliver. Whereas, volumetric flask has ETC as its marking, meaning it is marked as a to contain. A volumetric pipette measuring cylinder can be calibrated by just weighing the water they deliver. As for volumetric flask, the weight of an empty flask is recorded. Next, weigh the flask after filling it with water to the mark. After that, it is crucial to convert the mass to volume. The water density at a temperature will aid this process. The compliance of the Volume Occupied by 1. Egg of Water Weigh in Air table is deemed necessary throughout the comparison. In order to obtain the true volume of volumetric glassware holds, this formula will be used. This experiment shall be repeated twice or more to enhance accuracy of the exults obtained. Besides detecting systematic errors, this experiment would aid on the technique and understandings to the correct use of these equipments. Materials Transfer pipette, cleaning solution/detergent, beaker, thermometer, distilled water, top loading balance, ml volumetric pipette, millimeters pipette, ml volumetric flask, ml measuring cylinder.