Personal Note On Happiness And Happiness - 968 Words

Happiness When asking someone what makes them happy, you more than likely would receive a million different answers. The general definition of happiness or being happy is a state of well-being and contentment, or a pleasurable or satisfying experience. An individual’s definition of happiness more as excitement increase in the tendency to choose ab exciting option over a calming option; and defining happiness more as feeling calm increase the tendency to choose a calming option over exciting option. So, what makes people happy? The answer to what make people happy varies depending on what they might like or be content with. To someone a plate of hot wings or a day at the spa would make them happy. I personally think spending time with family, friends, or a significant other is the key to being happy. I always seem to be happiest when I’m with my family, friends, or girlfriend. The need for social connections with friends and family makes me feel so alive and very happy. According to Dan Gilbert we all have the â€Å"moral molecule† which is associated with both love and pain relief. It releases high levels of oxytocin when we think about those we care for and love. Being happy places a major key in living a healthy life. Love and happiness may not originate in the heart, but I believe it does make the heart healthy. According to www.webmd.com, found that the happiest people were 22 percent less likely to develop heart disease over the 10 years of follow-up than people who fell inShow MoreRelatedMill’S Two Proofs For The Ultimate Norm Of Morality . In907 Words   |  4 Pagesmorality, Mill claims that the utilitarian must claim that happiness happens to be the one and only thing that is desirable in itself. He also claims that the only proof of desirability is desire and goes ahead to give an argument that happiness happens to be the one and only thing that should be desired (Selling, 2016). Most importantly, Mill argues that an individual does desire his own happiness for its personal reasons and that makes happiness to be desired by and becomes desirable for its own sakeRead MoreEthical Egoism, Ethical Altruism, And Eudaimonia1660 Words   |  7 Pagesword, and there was association of euda imonia with having success, happiness and flourishing in life. Having unearthed the definitions of the terms, the discussion shall determine the differences between ethical altruism and ethical egoism, and how the aspects of Aristotle can aid the achievement of eudaimonia. As observed above, altruism puts the concerns of the other person at the forefront. Post, Underwood Schloss et. al. (3) note that for people with altruistic tendencies, they often act in theRead MoreMeasuring Personal Happiness : A Small But, A Comprehensive Guide925 Words   |  4 PagesMeasuring Personal Happiness: A Small But, a Comprehensive Guide By Vaishnavi S | Submitted On June 10, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Vaishnavi S There is no specific measuring scaleRead MoreKant And John Stuart Mill s Utility Based, Utilitarian Moral Theory1551 Words   |  7 Pagesconsequently have no moral worth. On the other hand, an action that is based on respect for duty is always guaranteed to be good-in-itself because it is the right thing to do despite personal inclination. For example, cleaning the house due to personal happiness does not perform the good will because personal happiness is variable and morally worthless, whereas cleaning the house due to respect for duty satisfies the good will because the act is good-in-itself and morally valuable. Kant suggestsRead MoreHappiness - Synthesis Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesMahatma Gandhi one defined happiness as â€Å"when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.† Barring any better definition of happiness from either positive psychologists, self-help gurus, or any other academic source, I tend to think this is a great summation of the definition of happiness. Gandhi doesn’t say anything about how these things make you feel, rather looks at it from a point of view of harmony between thoughts, expressions, and actions. Since one single accepted definitionRead MoreThe Importance Of A Great Deal Of Information Regarding Varies Levels Of Personal As Well As Intrapersonal Relations1264 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The basic emotion of happiness consumes the average day of an individual a countless number of times. From the simplest encounter with a loved one to the birth of a child we are continuously overwhelmed with this great sense of bliss. Although this emotion and the experiences which bring it about are expressed and shared by people the world over, a question must still be raised; what does it mean to happy? The present study aims to answer this question through the analysis of qualitativeRead MoreOn Utilitarianism Essay1119 Words   |  5 Pagesthe principles of Utilitarianism. Also referred to as the Greatest-happiness Principle, this doctrine promotes the greatest happiness for the greatest amount of people. More specifically, Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism, holding that the right act is that which yields the greatest net utility, or the total amount of pleasure minus the total amount of pain, for all individuals affected by said act (Joyce, lecture notes from 03/30). In defining utilitarianism, J.S. Mill counters theRead More1984 Happiness Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1984, the concept of happiness is portrayed as meaningless and that the truth opposes happiness. According to Big Brother and the party, they can only survive by suppressing individual happiness and freedom. People are not allowed to pursue happiness because if they have the freedom they could revolt against the party, and the party wants to control people’s minds and emotions so that they follow Big Brother. Big Brother, though he never appears in the book, he is an extremely important figureRead MoreEssay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals perceive their own quality of life, or well-being, has led to investigating the relationships between macro and individual level variables, described as happiness. What is happiness and how do we measure happiness? Happiness plays an important role in the way people perceive the overall society they live in (Duarte et al., 2010). Happiness has been economically defined as utility, which sums all of the benefits and costs associated with an activity, including opportunity costs of time participatingRead MoreHappiness and Impossible Standards in Aristotles The Nicomachean Ethics563 Words   |  3 PagesHumans, throughout recorded history, have searched for a proper way of living which would lead them to ultimate happiness; the Nicomachean Ethics, a compilation of lecture notes on the subject written by Greek philosopher Aristotle, is one of the most celebrated philosophical works dedicated to this study of the way. As he describes it, happiness can only be achieved by acting in conformity with virtues, virtues being established by a particular culture’s ideal person operating at their top capacity

Evaluate the Claim That Identity Is Determined by...

Evaluate the claim that Identity is determined by relationships Essay Plan First Paragraph Introduction Define Identity Quote Changing identities Gender identity Mines (DVD) Second Paragraph New mothers Gous quote Quote pg 254, 269 and 265 Body image Racial – Fanon - 278 Third Paragraph Social psychology Michael Billig – quote 274 National Identity – 212 Freud - quote Fourth Paragraph Conclusion Quote – 252 Erik Erikson Evaluate the claim that Identity is determined by relationships Definitions are important as they influence how we think and how our lives are shaped, just as our identities make us who we are, with different relationships pushing us in different directions. Aspects of our lives†¦show more content†¦(Hollway, 2009, pg 265). Some new mothers do struggle at first to bond with their newborn and post-natal depression is a common occurrence and this may affect the baby’s well-being, and later in life possibly their identity. Body image is another huge factor when thinking about identity and due to the western worlds obsession with body image most pregnant women are eager to get back to their original shape after giving birth. Changing shape can mean that your identity changes with it as you don’t feel yourself, this can be due to illness, pregnancy or some other factor. So many people feel that in order to regain your sense of self you need to look the best you possibly can. The importance of bodies and biology is extremely im portant in the study of identities, as it can refer to our femaleness or maleness (as I mentioned in the paragraph about the male miners) and also our racial and ethnic identities. A qualified psychiatrist named Frantz Fanon wrote about the effects of racism on black people’s identities. He moved from theCaribbean Island to Europe and feltShow MoreRelatedWho Am I?: Individualistic and Collectivist Identities Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pagesupon global society and diversity, humans have a golden opportunity to evaluate themselves and how they identify both individually and in their broader culture. Although the question of â€Å"who am I† is perhaps one of the classical questions of the human cognizance of identity, our identity as both groups and individuals is directly related to the culture we are a part of, especially in regards to whether that culture is determined to be individualistic or collectivist. These differing mindsets have anRead MoreThe Ethics Of Ethical Behavior1491 Words   |  6 Pagesfreedom, and personal existence for the betterment of all of humanity. The existential idea that individuals possess the power and agency to shape their own lives (at least the decisions they make based off their circumstances) and one’s life is not determined by one’s existence relates to my personal philosophies of what constitutes ethical behavior. Each individual is dealt different circumstances in life, therefore a set list of rational ideals and values does not adequately address the what constitutesRead MoreThe Psychological And Medical Views On Transsexuality Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesintersex infants has been practiced for decades to eliminate gender ambiguity. Proponents of this practice claim that, by assigning a gender at an early age, parents will bond with their intersex child and the child will be subjected to lower dozes of peer rejection and teasing. They virtually ignore the fact that we are forcing people to be forever haunted by their gender-constructed identities, hormones, plastic surgeries and other medical treatments to ‘feminize’ and become new Caitlyn Jenners sinceRead MoreCompare and Contrast Marxist and Weberian Theories of Stratification1525 Words   |  7 PagesQ: Compare and Contrast Marxist and Weberian Theories of Stratification. The purpose of this essay is to compare, contrast and critically evaluate Marxist and Weberian theories of stratification. To do this effectively this essay must explain and consider the main features, claims and perspectives of both Karl Marx and Max Weber. O’Donnell (1992) defines social stratification as â€Å"the division of a society or group into hierarchically ordered layers. Members of each layer are considered broadly equalRead MoreEssay on The Battle for Homosexual Adoption1696 Words   |  7 Pagescognitive abilities, behavior, general emotional development, or†¦ self-esteem, depression, or anxiety.† However, if there were any differences, Meezan and Rauch find that â€Å"they tend to favor children raised in lesbian families.† Furthermore, Patterson claims no differences in the following psychological effects from children raised in different households: â€Å"separation-individuation, psychiatric evaluations, assessments of behavior problems, personality, self-concept, locus of control, moral judgment,Read MoreEssay On How To Reduce Cyberch In National Security1527 Words   |  7 PagesDATA SECURITY a) Systems and controls to reduce a risk of cyber attacks There are a number of actions recommended to prevent or reduce cyber attack risk. 1. Determine the Company’s Security Chain The company’s entire security chain needs to be determined and evaluated. If even a single link is weak, the company could be vulnerable to attack. 2. Develop a Compliance Work Plan A company should create a written compliance plan to monitor the highest risks for a potential cyber attack. The complianceRead MoreProcedures For Checking Health, Security And Identity1764 Words   |  8 Pagesprocedure for checking health, security and identity? Is there detention? Is it judicially reviewable? Once entering Canada, each claimant has to be interviewed by a representative of the Canadian Citizenship and Immigration department. The applicant fulfills a form with the overview of the issues relating to identity, travel documents, education, employment history, date of birth, family members, marital status, criminal record, route to Canada, previous refugee claims etc. The data evaluated during theRead More The Effect of Cultural Difference on Intercultural Marriage Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pagesmeet prospective partners from other cultures than they had in the past. â€Å"The number of intercultural couples is increasing worldwide.† (Klein, par.3) Many intercultural couples claim that their relationships do not differentiate from monoculture relationships at first. Passionate love bonds them. When their relationships come to a stable stage after a while, however, cultural difference immerges. The couples can certainly benefit from cultural difference yet they also have to face the challengesRead MoreSustainability Research Paper1682 Words   |  7 PagesConsistent True / Genuine / Real Ethical / Moral Having Authority / Valid Institutional Theory Legitimate / Lawful (Legal) / Appropriate Legally or socially obligated While there are various meanings of authenticity, consumers experience and evaluate it differently by using a range of cues. Cues are based on consumer interests and knowledge of subjects (Grazian 2003) and the distinction between the authentic and inauthentic tends to be subjective and socially or personally constructed (LeighRead MoreStructure and Functioning of the Personality in Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory1713 Words   |  7 Pagesour unsatisfied drives and unconscious wishes. For Freud, the unconscious was a powerful force in behavior: thoughts and actions, which a patient didn’t even realize were very important in his researches. Freud based his ideas on this claims. The unconscious mind (or subconscious) is the feature of the mind of which we are not directly conscious or aware. Unconscious contains all those experiences and feelings that are  »hidden « in our mind and we cannot recall them into

Concept Of Tragedy In Macbeth free essay sample

Macbeth is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, which has been performed on stage for a wide range of different audiences since its creation in the sixteenth century. It depicts the endeavours of Lord Macbeth to become king through a series of murders, egged on by his wife, Lady Macbeth. The reason Macbeth can be called a tragedy is because the elements of tragedy are present throughout. Macbeth also adheres to Aristotle’s definition of tragedy. That is, that a tragedy describes the fatal error of a generally good person causing their downfall and demise, and stirs fear and pity in the audience. The themes in Macbeth also contribute to the concept of tragedy. Two such themes are the supernatural and ambition. A reoccurring theme in Macbeth is the theme of the supernatural. The supernatural was something that the audience of the original performances of Macbeth, during the sixteenth century, could relate to, as this was a period of genuine belief in, and often fear of, witchcraft. During this era, many people, often outcasts from society or oddballs, were accused of being witches and put on trial, which usually resulted in them being killed. Therefore, Shakespeare’s purpose in including the theme of the supernatural in Macbeth was to relate to his audiences. This theme is demonstrated in Macbeth through techniques such as rhyming couplets. This is demonstrated in ACT I, SCENE I, when the character known only as ‘first witch’ cries, â€Å"When shall we three meet again? In thunder, lightning, or in rain? † The fact that this unit of verse is a rhyming couplet adds to the surrealism and strangeness of the three witches which are introduced in this theme. These witches are almost the physical embodiment of the supernatural in Macbeth, and the technique of rhyming couplets is almost consistent throughout the rest of this short scene. The rest of the scene sees the witches predicting the time of day the battle will cease, and foretelling where they will happen across Macbeth. A second technique which expresses the theme of supernatural is foreshadowing. Foreshadowing is a technique which hints at future plot developments. This technique is displayed in ACT I, SCENE 3, when the third witch exclaims, â€Å"All hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter. † In this case, the foreshadowing is very obvious, as the witch is informing Macbeth of his future title as king of Scotland. However, there is already a king of Scotland- King Duncan. This prophecy sends Macbeth into a wild flurry of thoughts about how he is to be king when King Duncan is alive and well, and Macbeth very quickly jumps to the conclusion that he must murder Duncan. However, it is at this moment that Macbeth realises he is involved in something dark and complex- and this connects the theme of the supernatural to the concept of tragedy, as this is links to the Aristotelian element of tragedy known as anagorisis. Anagorisis is a moment of insight or understanding on the part of the tragic hero, as they suddenly realises the web of fate surrounding him. In this case, Macbeth hears the witches claim he will be king, and realises that he has a fate much larger and more important than he’d ever thought. The supernatural also contributes to the concept of tragedy as it links to the element of tragedy which states that a tragedy contains supernatural elements. This is clearly evident in the appearance of the witches and their disconcerting knack for prophesising. Ambition is a predominant theme in Macbeth, as Macbeth’s ambition is what drives him to commit the acts of murder which lead to his demise. Shakespeare’s audience at the time would not have been unfamiliar with tales of ambitious men of high estate killing kings to claim the throne. Shakespeare’s purpose in highlighting the theme of ambition in Macbeth may have been to incorporate a very realistic and common element of the ways of the royalty at the time. A technique which communicates the theme of ambition in Macbeth is an aside. An aside is a means of a character communicating his thoughts aloud, through a remark or comment that no other character on stage hears or reacts to. For example, in ACT I, SCENE 4, when Macbeth says to himself, â€Å"Stars, hide your fires; Let not light see my black and deep desires. The eye wink at the hand, yet let that be which the eye fears, when it is done, to see. † This is said after Macbeth notes, also to himself, that Malcolm, the newly crowned Prince of Cumberland, is an obstacle which must be dealt with. The quote is an expression of Macbeth’s horror at his own deadly thoughts, and he describes his ambition as â€Å"black and deep desires†. And yet, the last line of this quote is an admittance, as Macbeth realises he will succumb to his ambition and desires, and will commit the evil act, despite his horror at himself. Another technique which links to the theme of ambition is soliloquy. Similar to an aside, a soliloquy is a monologue spoken by a character when he or she is alone on stage about their innermost thoughts and feelings. The technique of soliloquy communicates the theme of ambition because in his soliloquies, Macbeth unguardedly acknowledges his murderous thoughts and dangerous desires. For example, Macbeth’s ambition manifests itself in quotes such as this from ACT I SCENE 7: â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition which o’erleaps itself and falls on th’other. † In this quote, Macbeth recognises that he has no good reasons or motivation to kill Duncan, but is fired solely by his ambition. He also has a moment of foresight, when he says that ambition â€Å"o’erleaps itself and falls on th’other†- In other words, makes people rush ahead of themselves towards trouble. This is certainly what happens to Macbeth, when his ambition leads him to murder and cause trouble for himself, and eventually leads to his demise. The concepts presented by the above quotes relate to two of Aristotle’s elements of tragedy- Hamartia and Hubris. Hamartia is the fatal flaw of the tragic hero which leads to eventual catastrophe. In this case, ambition is Macbeth’s fatal flaw, because his ambition and his â€Å"black and deep desires† lead to thoughts of murder of Malcolm and Duncan, which in turn leads to the act of murder, which then results in Macbeth’s aforementioned demise and death. Hubris refers to false pride on the part of the tragic hero which crosses ethical boundaries and ends in woe for the hero. Hubris ties in with the theme of ambition because Macbeth’s ambition arouses false pride which leads him to believe that he should and will be king, and that he can change fate, which then leads to the murder of Duncan, and the act of murder is the ultimate overstepping of ethical boundaries. In conclusion, Macbeth is a tragedy by William Shakespeare which features the themes of the supernatural and ambition. These themes are communicated in Macbeth through techniques such as rhyming couplets, foreshadowing, asides and soliloquies, and contribute to the concept of tragedy through their links with elements of tragedy, both Aristotelian and not, including Hamartia, Hubris, Anagorisis and elements of the supernatural. Therefore, the themes of the supernatural and ambition contribute to the concept of tragedy in Macbeth. A second theme in Macbeth is gender politics. This theme is evident in this quote from Lady Macbeth, which appears in ACT I, SCENE 5: â€Å"Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts. Unsex me here and fill me from the crown to the toe topfull of direst cruelty†¦ Come to my woman’s breasts and take my milk for gall. † In this quote, Lady Macbeth begs spirits to make her less feminine and more masculine, so that she may be more brutal and cruel, and therefore able to commit murder and do what is necessary for Macbeth to become king. The concept of tragedy which is apparent in this is the concept of supernatural elements, which presents itself when Lady Macbeth calls on unseen spirits to take away her femininity. Lady Macbeth calls on these spirits to turn the mother’s milk of her woman’s breasts to bitter poison. Lady Macbeth makes several other references breastfeeding and mothering when comparing femininity and gentleness to masculinity and cruelness. One such reference is in ACT I, SCENE 7, when Lady Macbeth questions Macbeth’s masculinity, because he does not want to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth then follows this with the quote â€Å"I have given suck and know how tender it is to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this. † This quote shows a reversal in gender politics, as Lady Macbeth reverses the very symbol of gentle femininity, by claiming that she would have bashed her own baby’s brains out if she had sworn to. This demonstrates a disturbance of moral order, which is a concept of tragedy. The notion of a mother tearing her baby from her breast to kill it by bashing its brains out shows a complete turnaround in the moral order of a mother who would ordinarily be caring and nurturing of her baby.

Lab Report »Calibration of Volumetric Glassware Essay Example

Lab Report: ? »?Calibration of Volumetric Glassware Paper This experiment must be repeated three times or more and take the average reading to get more accurate data. By using the formulae, the standard deviation and relative standard deviation could be calculated. As the result, the lower the standard deviation, the higher the consistency of an instrument. Although the instrument may measure a given sample, the value might need to be altered due to various conditions and errors. Objectives The objective of the experiments was to; Calibrate a 10 ml volumetric pipette. Calibrate a 25 ml volumetric pipette. Calibrate a 100 ml volumetric flask. Calibrate a 50 ml measuring cylinder Introduction Volumetric glassware is used to accurately measure volumes. Despite all of the tools and instruments available for the use of measuring values of various data, it is impossible to measure the true value of anything. This experiment is intended to develop a persons capacity to handle volumetric glassware. One must understand how to handle volumetric glassware to acquire the best possible data from the equipment used in lab. Although the instrument may measure a given sample, the value might need to be altered due to various conditions. However, with practice and experience, we can reach very close to the true value, gaining the ability to measure with both high accuracy and precision. The objective of this experiment is to calibrate a ml burette and other volumetric glassware by calculating their correction values. By doing so, we can correct systematic errors caused by the burettes or glasswares values. A systematic error is an error in reading the scale when a physical quantity is being measured. Systematic errors are caused by the instrument, observer and surroundings. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report: ? »?Calibration of Volumetric Glassware specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report: ? »?Calibration of Volumetric Glassware specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report: ? »?Calibration of Volumetric Glassware specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another main type of error is random error. Random error is an error which occurs when the observer is reading the scale on the measuring instrument. Volumetric glassware is used to accurately measure volumes. In any given experiment, students may come across systematic errors or random errors. Random errors are not able to be corrected by a standard mean because they are not consistent. However, systematic errors are consistent and is able to be detected which allows students to correct the error that was found. So, using uncelebrated glassware will cause a systematic error. This error occurs because he volume reading given by the glassware is slightly different than the actual volume that is obtained in the glassware. In order to avoid systematic error, it important to calibrate the measuring instrument so that there is a standard value for zero which allows the measurement to be more accurate. Calibration of volumetric glassware such as burette is carried out by weighing the amount of water delivered. The temperature of the water used in the calibration must be known since the density of water changes. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the measurement of the actual illume contents of volumetric glassware. If there is a slight variation in this instrument, it would cause systematic error and thus, the accuracy of results of an experiment or investigation would be affected. All volumetric glassware has marking on it. It is either being marked with AD or ETC, which brings the meaning of to deliver and to contain respectively. For example, a pipette has a marking of AD, which means a pipette is marked as a to deliver. Whereas, volumetric flask has ETC as its marking, meaning it is marked as a to contain. A volumetric pipette measuring cylinder can be calibrated by just weighing the water they deliver. As for volumetric flask, the weight of an empty flask is recorded. Next, weigh the flask after filling it with water to the mark. After that, it is crucial to convert the mass to volume. The water density at a temperature will aid this process. The compliance of the Volume Occupied by 1. Egg of Water Weigh in Air table is deemed necessary throughout the comparison. In order to obtain the true volume of volumetric glassware holds, this formula will be used. This experiment shall be repeated twice or more to enhance accuracy of the exults obtained. Besides detecting systematic errors, this experiment would aid on the technique and understandings to the correct use of these equipments. Materials Transfer pipette, cleaning solution/detergent, beaker, thermometer, distilled water, top loading balance, ml volumetric pipette, millimeters pipette, ml volumetric flask, ml measuring cylinder.

Definition of Stump Speech

Definition of Stump Speech Stump speech is a term used today to describe a candidates standard speech, delivered day after day during a typical political campaign. But in the 19th century, the phrase held a much more colorful meaning. The  phrase became firmly established in the early decades of the 1800s, and stump speeches got their name for a good reason: they would often be delivered by candidates who literally stood atop a tree stump. Stump speeches caught on along the American frontier, and there are numerous examples where politicians were said to be stumping for themselves or for other candidates. A reference book in the 1840s defined the terms to stump and stump speech. And by the 1850s newspaper articles from around the United States often referred to a candidate taking to the stump. The ability to give an effective stump speech was considered an essential political skill. And notable 19th-century politicians, including Henry Clay, Abraham Lincoln, and Stephen Douglas, were respected for their skills as stump speakers. Vintage Definition of Stump Speech The tradition of stump speeches became so well-established that A Dictionary of Americanisms, a reference book published in 1848, defined the term To stump: To Stump. To stump it or take the stump. A phrase signifying to make electioneering speeches. The 1848 dictionary also mentioned to stump it was a phrase borrowed from the backwoods, as it referred to speaking from atop a tree stump. The idea of linking stump speeches to the backwoods seems obvious, as the use of a tree stump as an improvised stage would naturally refer to a location where land was still being cleared. And the idea that stump speeches were essentially a rural event led to candidates in cities sometimes using the term in a mocking manner. The Style of 19th Century Stump Speeches Refined politicians in the cities may have looked down on stump speeches. But out in the countryside, and especially along the frontier, stump speeches appreciated for their rough and rustic character. They were free-wheeling performances that were different in content and tone from the more polite and sophisticated political discourse heard in the cities. At times the speech-making would be an all-day affair, complete with food and barrels of beer. The rollicking stump speeches of the early 1800s would typically contain boasts, jokes, or insults directed at opponents. A Dictionary of Americanisms quoted a memoir of the frontier published in 1843: Some very good stump speeches are delivered from a table, a chair, a whiskey barrel, and the like. Sometimes we make the best stump speeches on horseback. John Reynolds, who served as governor of Illinois in the 1830s, wrote a memoir in which he fondly recalled giving stump speeches in the late 1820s. Reynolds described the political ritual: Addresses known as stump-speeches received their name, and much of their celebrity, in Kentucky, where that mode of electioneering was carried to great perfection by the great orators of that state. A large tree is cut down in the forest, so that the shade may be enjoyed, and the stump is cut smooth on the top for the speaker to stand on. Sometimes, I have seen steps cut in them for the convenience of mounting them. Sometimes seats are prepared, but more frequently the audience enjoys the luxury of the green grass to sit and lie on. A book on the Lincoln-Douglas Debates published nearly a century ago recalled the heyday of stump speaking on the frontier, and how it was viewed as something of a sport, with opposing speakers engaging in spirited competition: A good stump speaker could always attract a crowd, and a wit combat between two speakers representing opposite parties was a real holiday of sport. It is true that the jokes and counterstrokes were often feeble attempts, and not very far removed from vulgarity; but the stronger the blows the better they were liked, and the more personal, the more enjoyable they were. Abraham Lincoln Possessed Skills as a Stump Speaker Before he faced Abraham Lincoln in the legendary 1858 contest for a U.S. Senate seat, Stephen Douglas expressed concern about Lincolns reputation. As Douglas put it: I shall have my hands full. He is the strong man of the party - full of wit, facts, dates - and the best stump speaker, with his droll ways and dry jokes, in the West. Lincolns reputation had been earned early. A classic story about Lincoln described an incident the occurred on the stump when he was 27 years old and still living in New Salem, Illinois. Riding into Springfield, Illinois, to give a stump speech on behalf of the Whig Party in the 1836 elections, Lincoln heard about a local politician, George Forquer, who had switched from Whig to Democrat. Forquer had been generously rewarded, as part of the Spoils System of the Jackson administration, with a lucrative government job. Forquer had built an impressive new house, the first house in Springfield to have a lightning rod. That afternoon Lincoln delivered his speech for the Whigs, and then Forquer stood to speak for the Democrats. He attacked Lincoln, making sarcastic remarks about Lincolns youth. Given the chance to respond, Lincoln said: I am not so young in years as I am in the tricks and trades of a politician. But, live long or die young, I would rather die now, than, like the gentleman, - at this point Lincoln pointed at Forquer - change my politics, and with the change receive an office worth three thousand dollars a year. And then feel obliged to erect a lightning rod over my house to protect a guilty conscience from an offended God. From that day forward Lincoln was respected as a devastating stump speaker.

Odysseus (Ulysses) - Ancient Roman and Greek Mythology

Odysseus (Ulysses) - Ancient Roman and Greek Mythology Odysseus, a Greek hero, is the leading figure in the epic poem the Odyssey, attributed to Homer. He is the king of Ithaca, normally said to be the son of Laertes and Anticlea, husband of Penelope, and father of Telemachus. The Odyssey is the story of Odysseus return home at the end of the Trojan War. Other works in the epic cycle provide further details, including his death at the hands of his and Circes son Telegonus. Fast Facts: Odysseus Name:  Odysseus; Latin: UlyssesHome:  Ithaca, an island of GreeceParents:  Father: Laertes (in the  Odyssey), but possibly  Sisyphus,  Mother: Anticlea, daughter of  AutolycusPartners:  Penelope; CalypsoChildren:  Telemachus; Nausithous and Nausinous; TelegonusOccupation:  Hero; Trojan War fighter and strategistPronunciation: o-dis-syoos Odysseus fought for ten years in the Trojan War before coming up with the idea of the wooden horse- just one example of why wily or crafty is attached to his name. He incurred the wrath of Poseidon for blinding Poseidons Cyclops son Polyphemus. In retaliation, it took Odysseus another decade before he could arrive home barely in time to drive out Penelopes suitors. The Odyssey covers a decades worth of the adventures of Odysseus and his crew on their return to Ithaca from the Trojan War.

MICROSOFT IN CHINA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

MICROSOFT IN CHINA - Research Paper Example When looking at Microsoft, it can be seen that different objectives have expanded with the ideology of moving into the global market. This includes changes in both the internal and external environment. The expansion is one which differs according to region and based on the growth and objectives within the company. The movement of Microsoft to China is one which incorporated specific positioning and growth strategies. This has created new global markets while altering the strategies and approaches to the growth. This has allowed the corporation to continue to expand while having the capability of adding into the main objectives for growth. Objectives of Expansion The basis of Microsoft as an American company is one which was based on expanding the economic potential and spread of products throughout the globe. The original focus was to integrate the products of Microsoft into the local market while collaborating with other businesses in terms of software products and developing techn ologies in the region. To begin, Microsoft developed offices in central cities and areas that could offer more expansion. Currently, there are over 10 cities which hold general locations for those who are looking into technology. The expansion includes a research and development center, technology centers and a support center. The main approach was to add in both products and services to the region, specifically with a competitive edge that would fit with the region while integrating into the market. To move into the market, Microsoft incorporated Windows server and tools, business solutions, mobile devices, MSN and home and entertainment products. The expansion began in 2002 with a collaborative effort with the National Development Reform Commission, specifically with the agreement of building and expanding the software industry in the region. The prospects have expanded into new strategies for services with a $62 million strategic investment to various companies for state owned en terprises that incorporate Microsoft strategies, training areas and IT parks for expansion of the products and services of Microsoft. This is combined with the decision to collaborate with local efforts and the government of China, both which are offering continuous expansion into the region while having specific Microsoft offices that are able to carry the Chinese culture while offering competitive products for the market (Microsoft 2011). The objectives is then able to include well – rounded approaches that enhance both services and products in the greater China region while matching with the cultural and political aspects of the region. The objectives with Microsoft are furthered with strategies that are able to create stronger responses with both the internal and external environment. For the internal environment, Microsoft is able to provide more investments with returns in the region. There is also the ability to have access to more human assets that add in innovation a nd opportunity for the business. By using this as a main objective, Microsoft is abl

National Advocacy Paper (political science) Research

National Advocacy (political science) - Research Paper Example Like the Arizona anti-immigration law, the Alabama Bill has been the subject of much debate and controversy. Hammon’s campaign sentiments express the general views of those who support Arizona-style anti-immigration laws. Hammon said: We’ve let this go on too long. Our budget cannot handle it. Our justice system cannot handle all the crime. We want them to stop taking advantage of our benefits (Beyerle 2011). These sentiments reflect the concern that undocumented individuals are taking jobs that American citizens can have. More troubling however, undocumented aliens do not pay income taxes and as a result the government is denied a valuable source of revenue. If American citizens held the jobs that are currently taken by undocumented aliens, their income would be taxed. Complicating matters, undocumented aliens typically send their income to family and loved ones in their countries of origin, thus contributing to or worsening the depressed economy (Langley 2007, p. 19). Ultimately, arguments in favour of anti-immigration laws that mirror the Arizona immigration law and the Alabama Bill take the position that, illegal aliens take away from the economy rather than contribute to it. At the same time, illegal aliens enjoy the benefits that come with contributing to economic growth and tax revenues. The extent of those benefits are manifested by the fact that they live in the US and use facilities supported by tax-payers, such as schools, hospitals, parks, roads and other essential provisions and amenities (Langley 2007, pp. 19-20). As for crime, the Testimony of District Attorney John M. Morganelli befor the House Subcommittee on Immigration Border, Security and Claims reflects the concerns about illegal immigration and crime. Morganelli noted that: The majority of illegal aliens who are here are engaged in criminal activity. Identity theft, use of fraudulent social security numbers and green cards, tax evasion, driving without licenses represent some of the crimes that are engaged in by the majority of illegal aliens on a daily basis merely to maintain and hide their illegal status (The Dark Side of Illegal Immigration, n.d.). There is no denying the authenticity of these concerns. Any time an event or a system of events contributes toward criminal activity and economic decline, it requires immediate attention and resolution. The obvious question is then, why are anti-immigration laws so controversial? Why was there so much debate and controversy over Arizona’s anti-immigration law? Why should these controversies and debates concern Alabama’s law-makers and any other state seeking to resolve the immigration issues identified in the preceding passages? The other side of the argument sheds some light on the contentious issues surrounding the immigration issue. The primary concern for advocates against the Alabama Bill is reflective of the concern expressed against the Arizona Immigration Law. That concern is human r ights issues. As Jason Childs, State Director for the Center for Progress in Alabama stated: These people are not some kind of problem to be dealt with, they’re committed members of our community, they’re human beings with inalienable rights, they have been a tremendous resource for our state (Wolverton 2011). It is unclear how illegal

Romeo and Juliet and Different Writing Devices Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet and Different Writing Devices Essay Shakespeare has been a very important writer in history because of his special way of writing. Throughout the ages, people have read his literature and taught lessons to the next generations from his writing. Shakespeare had morals and personal values, such as love. He used his special writing style to help people understand how he felt better. He also uses sonnets, or small poems, for specific topics. Love, Marriage, and Friendship are portrayed in Shakespeare’s sonnets through different writing devices that he uses to express himself. In Shakespeare’s Sonnet 30, he talks specifically about friendship- an important theme in his early work. In Sonnet 30 he says: â€Å"For precious friends hid in death’s dateless night†, meaning we should love our friends because we do not know when they will be dead. This is because he says â€Å"death’s dateless night†, meaning you don’t know when death will come. Basically he is saying that you should not worry about death but just enjoy the time you have with friends while they are still alive. This can be applied to many things from family to even pets. It is a deep thought but it is his way of staying happy even though death can be anywhere at anytime. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 55 focuses around the theme of love. Love played a big part of Shakespeare’s work from Hamlet to Romeo and Juliet. He was a romantic person but he used it to his advantage to create sadness or feelings of tragedy like in Romeo and Juliet. In the Sonnet he says â€Å"So, till the judgment that yourself arise, You live in this, and dwell in lovers’ eyes†. He means that before you die you should love the person you are with and always love them, because love is so important to happiness. The final Sonnet, Sonnet 116, focuses on Marriage. Since love and friendship is paramount to Shakespeare, so is marriage, since it’s like love combined with friendship. Shakespeare thinks marriage is sacred and if you love someone you should stay married to that person. In the sonnet he says â€Å"Let me not to the marriage of true minds admit impediments. Love is not love Which alters when it alteration finds†, meaning that love is not love if you try and change it. Also he says that it is an â€Å"ever-fixed mark† meaning it should last forever and you should not get a divorce. You can tell by how he writes that Shakespeare is a very romantic and caring person. He thinks love and friendship and marriage are crucial to humans, and that they all go hand in hand with each other. He uses love in most of his stories, not just the Sonnets and he knows that people catch on to the message he is sending. Everyone knows about Shakespeare, but most do not know how much he cares about things like love. He uses his style of writing to portray his views about love, friendship, and marriage in his Sonnets.

Racism Essay -- essays research papers

Attack The Source There really is no way of getting around it. There is a great deal of racial tension in the United States today. Nine out of ten people in society today believe that racism does exist and is something that affects millions of people everyday. There is not much arguing that can done with a statistic like that. What is it that causes so many problems between each other? Is it that we are afraid of the unknown? Whatever the cause is, we have been trying to fix the problem for many years now. Since racism is learned and not genetic, it is something that needs to be taken care of in school starting from the young children. In Brown v. Board of Education, the whole issue was that schools could be segregated only if they were â€Å"equal†. This was decided by the case of Plessy v Ferguson. Schools in the South were not equal so Brown v. Board of Education was filed. Supreme Court Judge Earl Warren decide with the rest of the Supreme Court that segregated schools were in fact unlawful. Schools went through drastic changes but some schools didn’t like the idea. Schools in Prince Edward County had closed due to the ruling and children in the county lost out on their education. This had caused some racism to occur in Prince Edward County. The most effective solution for solving the racial tension problem is to change the curriculum, text books, and to keep up, if not increase, diversity training in the work force today. First of all, there needs to be an agreement that a problem does exist. It is after all evident through racist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, Neo-Nazis, and Skinheads. These are hate groups that threaten and dislike people, not for the content of their character, but the color of their skin or what country they are from. although these are extremes when it comes to racism, it is something that affects so many people everyday in the United States. What is racism really? Racism is not knowing anything about someone when you look at them, but disliking them anyway, not because of who they are, but what they are. Racism is cowardly. More importantly, racism is a weakness and an obvious sign of ignorance. So what is it that makes us racist? More than likely, it is the fear of the unknown. In other words, it is a lack of education. The only way to battle this ignorance is to educate oneself. That is why the key to so... ...nor, what would he do? He replied, "I would probably die!" This was the straw that broke the camel's back because a friendship of sixteen years ended at that moment. Parents are the biggest influence in a child's life. Children look to their parents for support and guidance. Without the proper support and guidance, children are headed on a road to nowhere. Racism is not something that will just disappear. But it is possible to minimize it if we keep it under control. Yes we can still teach about unity and equality in our schools, but if we don't attack racism where it begins, then those school programs won't be of any value. Not all children will fall into the category that my former friend fell into. Many children grow up in racist households. My friend was a prime example of someone who couldn't climb the wall of racism but there are many children out there who climb the wall of bigamy every day. The problem of racism isn't a permanent problem. Racism is like a cancer, if it is caught early enough it could be treated but if it is caught too late it could be deadly. Therefore we must attack racism from its source, the household, before it is too late.

Outline Ways to Help Children to Develop Communication and Language Skills Essay

Parents play a critical role in a child’s language and communication development. It is thought that children who are read to and spoken with during early childhood, will have a larger vocabulary and better grammar than those who aren’t. There are different ways in using language. Verbal ways are to question, clarify, describe, explain and debate. There are also non-verbal ways to communicate like listening, looking and touching. There are many ways to nurture your childs language and communication development. Being able to communicate and express ones self can build self confidence, self esteem and the knowing of ones self and surroundings Talking to your child, tell your child what is going to happen for example, â€Å"Now we’re going to take a bath. When you get dry, we’ll get dressed.† Reading. Parents can start with simple board books and progress to picture books and longer stories as their child gets older. Story times where they can use their imagination and have an input in the stories are also effective. Follow your child’s lead. Repeat there babbles and laughs back to them, ask questions and interact with them. If the child seems interested in a picture in a book, by talking about it and discussing it, this helps the child to develop an interest. Music. Young children love music and dance. When they listen to lively songs or rhymes they learn about the world around them and the rhythm of language. This can help the child learn to thread words together to form sentences. Repeat their statements back to them with the correct pronunciation or word usage. Give your child lots of praise for their efforts. Try not to pressure or expect to much from your child as this can discourage them in exceeding. Television and computers can influence speech and communication. Some educational programs can be beneficial to kids but tv shows don’t interact or respond to children. Computer games are interactive, but they aren’t changeable to a child’s ideas. Go on days out. A visit to the zoo, the aquarium or a museum will open up a whole new world. They may even want to learn the names of all the creatures and activities they experienced Role play. Role play is great for expanding your child’s imagination and introducing new vocabulary. Games involving different characters will allow you to introduce lots of new related language and stretch your child’s creative play skills. Pretending to be a firemen putting a fire out can introduce many relating words fire, fireman, fire engine, ladder, water, hose, burning, building, driving, climbing, up, down, smoke, hat, boots, jackets, save, squirt, bucket, fire out, hero, etc. Role play with others encourages the sharing of ideas and opinions.

Socioecological National Smoking Strategy Australia Health And Social Care Essay

The damaging effects of smoke are good known, and go on to be one of the most evitable causes of sick wellness and decease in Australia. Smoking is a planetary wellness issue that affects all states worldwide. ( Naidoo and Wills, 2005 ) . Tobacco usage has a negative consequence on the immediate user every bit good as the other individual exposed to the fume, therefore the demand to command its usage and supply a supportive environment to enable persons to discontinue. ( Naidoo and Wills, 2005 ) . Health publicity provides a possible agency to accomplish this, as it attempts to better the wellness of persons and the community through wellness instruction, community engagement and coaction, sometimes taking to environmental and societal alteration ( Maben and Macleod, ( 1995 ) , as stated by Piper, 2009 ) . The Ottawa Charter ( WHO, 1986 ) sees wellness publicity beyond the person and the health care system, it requires a co-ordinated action between the authorities, societal and econo mic sectors. In other words, wellness publicity at one degree seeks to act upon healthy life style and better life-skills of the person, it besides ensures a corporate addition by act uponing statute law and policies towards environmental, socio-economic position, employment and occupational wellness at another degree ( Piper, 2009 ) . This paper focuses on the social-ecological theoretical account and relates it to the national baccy scheme which was introduced in Australia since 1999 to better the wellness of all Aussies by extinguishing or cut downing exposure to tobacco in all signifiers and to forestall jobs that can ensue from the usage of baccy ( The National Tobacco scheme, 1999 ) . The cardinal aims for the model was to better the control of baccy through community action, promote surcease of baccy usage, bound publicity and modulate baccy and eventually cut down environmental exposure to tobacco fume ( The National smoke Strategy 1999 ) . The debuts of the National smoke strategic model lead to the execution of smoking policies in public topographic points including the work topographic point. Smoke policy at public topographic points is intended to protect smoke and non-smoking citizens from the consequence of environmental exposure to baccy ( Bauer et al, 2005 ) and to promote tobacco users to discontin ue every bit shortly as possible. It is besides thought to cut down the injury that can be associated with go oning usage and dependance on baccy and nicotine. Smoke-free policies have been shown to deter people from smoking, cut down coffin nail ingestion, addition desire to discontinue and the likeliness of existent surcease ( Bauer et al, 2005 ) . The scheme was a comprehensive attack introduced by the authorities across all societal groups based on two warranting factors. These were that, bulk of persons who smoked were non making so based on free and informed picks. Peoples frequently say smoking is a personal life manner pick, this ignores the tobacco users apprehension of the wellness hazard, worlds of dependence and the fact that a batch of people start depending on baccy at a really immature age ( National baccy scheme, 2004 ) . The habit-forming nature of baccy compromises the person ‘s ability to do an informed pick. Second, the usage of baccy imposes a significant cost on the person, households, concerns, taxpayer and the community as a whole ( National baccy scheme, 2004 ) . Harmonizing to surveies long term tobacco users die prematurely from bosom diseases, with most of them within the ages of 50 and 60 ( National baccy scheme, 1999 ) . they may besides endure from clogging lung diseases, shot and other stultifying long term status which can cut down mobility taking to cut down quality of life ( National Tobacco Strategy, 2004 ) . Smokers besides spend a batch of money on baccy merchandises instead than they spend on goods and services which could hold been more good to them and their households. How the scheme was to be achieved The first measure was to present a comprehensive control scheme on baccy merchandises, by increasing monetary values and altering societal attitudes to baccy usage through ordinances and difficult striking runs. Government policies introduced regulated selling, publicity, gross revenues, revenue enhancement and packaging of baccy merchandises ( the national smoke scheme, 2004 ) . These ordinances made baccy merchandises less low-cost, nevertheless available to grownups who use them, but non extremely seeable and non sold to kids. It besides mandated equal and effectual consumer information on baccy merchandises in the media and at the point of sale. On the other manus, quit smoke and smoke free runs, services on handling baccy dependence schemes, community support, instruction, research, rating, monitoring and surveillance every bit good as work force development were strengthened ( the national smoke scheme, 2004 ) . They besides addressed issues around societal determiners of welln ess and trim plans towards the demands of deprived groups. This was to personalize the hazards of smoke and to increase the consciousness of effectual therapies and contact inside informations for services ( National smoke scheme, 2007 ) . The authorities policies besides ensured that all Australian tobacco users in contact with the wellness attention system were identified and advised to discontinue, and that all tobacco users probably to hold trouble retreating from tobacco-delivered nicotine have entree to back up and allow and effectual pharmacotherapy ( National smoke scheme, 2004 ) . The policies were besides aimed at attempts to forestall consumption by kids, and to guarantee that the community is intelligent about smoke. It was besides to cut down societal disaffection, which, along with many other negative effects, is associated with uptake and continuance of bad behaviors including smoke, and to put in baccy control as a cardinal scheme for forestalling and cut downing societal disadvantages in the communities ( National smoke scheme, 2004 ) . To extinguish exposure to environmental baccy fume, at work, indoors and in public topographic points ( including out-of-doorss where mobility is limited ) , and to understate it in residential establishments, the policy meant ‘no smoking ‘ ( entire prohibition ) within these premises. As countries where smoke is allowed provide small or no protection from environmental fume ( National smoke scheme, 2004 ) . Smoke free workplace policies by contrast virtually extinguish exposure to tobacco fume during working hours. They besides help tobacco users in those workplaces to cut down the sum they smoke each twenty-four hours and increased their opportunities of successfully discontinuing ( National smoke scheme, 2004 ) . Such policies dramatically affect societal norms about smoke. In legal powers which introduce smoke free Torahs, fewer kids take up smoke and Numberss of tobacco users and Numberss of coffin nails consumed decrease comparative to legal powers without such Tora hs ( National smoke scheme, 2004 ) . Social-ecological Model as a Background Model for the model The footing of this model can be construed from the social-ecological theoretical account where a alteration in the environment and policies causes a alteration in person ‘s behavior. The social-ecological theoretical account recognizes the interlacing interaction between the person and the environment ( Healthy Active Oregon, 2003 ) . It besides focuses on reorientation of organisations and policy alteration ( Elder et al, 2006 ) . It is non a individual policy or theory but a instead wide overarching construct that brings together several different Fieldss of research ( Stokols, 1996 ) . Although the person is responsible for keeping a life style that improves wellness and reduces hazard, the societal environment in which the person lives mostly determines behavior ( Healthy Active Oregon, 2003 ) . A barrier can therefore signifier in a manner that can forestall the community as a whole in accomplishing behaviour alteration ( Healthy Active Oregon, 2003 ) . Harmonizing to Winett ( 1995 ) some wellness publicity plans have non been effectual due to failure in acknowledging the consequence of environmental-related factors on health-related behavior. He hence suggests the integrating of theoretical accounts for behaviour alteration with plans affecting persons, groups, organisations, community and institutional degrees of engagement ( Winett, 1995 ) . Hence the societal ecological theoretical account suggests a more comprehensive attack of non merely the person ‘s duty of health-risks behaviours, instead it targets the single and socio-economic factors ( Piper, 2009 ) . The theoretical account is categorized into intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, organisational and public policy as schemes for advancing wellness ( McLeroy et al. , 1988 ) . Intrapersonal The intrapersonal degree of the theoretical account is based on psychological theories of alteration, where it utilizes the mass media, social-marketing, instruction and development of accomplishments to alter wellness related attitudes, addition cognition and advance ego regard ( McLeroy, 1988, Piper, 2009 ) . This degree implies that the proximal cause of behavior or mechanisms for alteration of behavior prevarications with the person and non the environment ( McLeroy, 1988 ) . And in the model this was traveling to be achieved by shiping on difficult hitting smoke free runs and ordinances which will be targeted at altering perceptual experiences and bettering cognition of the person, with the hope of giving a behaviour alteration. After the person had been made aware of the hazards and the health-related issues that occur as a consequence of smoke, it is up to them to take either to smoke or give up smoke. However at this degree there can be emotional and expressive feelings that people experience particularly in the context of wellness related behaviour alteration ( Davies and Macdowal, 2006 ) . Some persons may truly lose the wagess from smoke and the fond regards they have antecedently developed to smoking while still admiting the benefits of smoking surcease ( Davies and Macdowall, 2006 ) . There is so the feeling of ennui, defeat and choler as they loose the sense of making something and deficiency of the company, this is the point where the person is likely to get worse and travel back to smoke ( Davies and Macdowall, 2006 ) . Hence separate smoke surcease plans that acknowledges and run into the specified demands of persons should besides be developed. There is therefore the demand for services like the quit aid lines and reding installations to back up the person who wants to give up smoke. This scheme has been recognized in the model to help the person to get by. The social-ecological theoretical account identifies this and hence does non merely concentrate narrowly on the person but besides other societal factors and webs which all comes together to help the person to get by and alter behavior. Interpersonal This deals with the person ‘s societal webs such as household, friends, neighbors and contacts at work, the psychosocial theory underpins this degree. The purpose is to alter societal norms and better societal web and support ( Piper, 2005 ) . These are seen to hold direct influence on the individual. The importance of this degree is that about all behaviors happens in a societal context, and behaviors in these context tend to be accustomed, hence it takes making things otherwise to interrupt these wonts ( Davies and Macdowall, 2006 ) . Therefore the intercessions to be designed demands to change the signifier of bing societal webs ( McLeroy, 1988 ) . Particularly they should be designed to modify societal influences which are likely to back up and keep unwanted wellness related behaviors and strengthen those that influence wellness positively. ( McLeroy, 1988 ) . It besides involves learning the person on how to manage interactions with others as they continue to prosecute the ir new ways of get bying without smoking ( Davies and Macdowall, 2006 ) . Mentioning to the model it was aimed at foregrounding the consequence of baccy fume on households and besides prevented kids acquiring entree to baccy and other baccy merchandises. It besides hopes to act upon cultural, societal and economic factors that influence uptake and uninterrupted usage of baccy. Discontinuing smoke may non be an easy thing to make nevertheless with a supportive, good informed, good and strong societal web the person should be able to give up and be cognizant of how and where to seek aid. Community A community is said to be intelligent when it has equal information to be able to do an informed determination on baccy usage ( National baccy Strategy, 1999 ) . In the community, information such as how to acquire aid and quit, the difference between the usage of baccy and dependence, the consequence of baccy fume on the environment, the benefits of discontinuing at any age and sooner than latter and on a whole, the consequence of baccy on the society should be easy accessible ( National Tobacco Strategy, 1999 ) . It is a good known fact that information entirely does non take to behaviour alteration by persons in the community ( National Tobacco Strategy, 1999 ) , otherwise 22 % of the Australian population will non go on to smoke regardless of the sum of information available on the hurtful consequence of smoke ( Egger et al,2005 ) . For communities to derive control over baccy use the scheme was focused on planning and execution of community based programmes for commanding baccy, by supplying equal resources for a scope of smoking surcease services in the communities. Local powers such as Community leaders, parents, schools and young person organisations are all motivated to acquire involved ( National Tobacco Strategy, 1999 ) . Health publicity at this degree is about authorising the community through community development, alliance and conflict direction schemes ( Piper, 2009 ) . Stokols ( 1996 ) defines ecology as the survey of the association between beings and their environment, and puts this in the position of wellness publicity in the community, where the focal point is shifted from the person ‘s wellness related intercessions unto that of the community working together in the environment in which they live in. this reflects a more socio ecological orientation of wellness publicity which is a castel lation of the person, community and the constructions around ( Stokols, 1996 ) . Organizations Intervention at this degree involves organisational procedures, manner, leading, civilization, practises and inducements to better health-related behavior or enable behavior alteration ( McLeroy et al. , 1992 ) . A big part of most people ‘s lives are spent in organisations such as work and establishments, these organisations have an influence on the person ‘s health-related behavior ( McLeroy et al. , 1988 ) . In the context of wellness publicity, administrations particularly those affecting worksites give entree to a big group of people and offer the chance for societal support and behavior alteration, peculiarly when the behavior is a societal norm ( McLeroy, 1988 ) . This degree in the model means the execution of a entire smoke prohibition policies backed by jurisprudence in the work topographic point and public topographic points by employers and persons of authorization. The mark of wellness publicity is non the organisation or the establishment itself but the employees and persons who are likely to be institutionalised ( McLeroy, 1988 ) . Organizational alterations are indispensable in an ecological model where a long-run behavioral alteration is supported, and a requirement for institutionalisation of wellness publicity ( McLeroy, 1988 ) . Public Policy State capacity and substructure, including clear leading and dedicated resources, are indispensable to the development and execution of a strong strategic program that includes the designation and riddance of tobacco-related disparities ( CDC, 2007 ) . Tobacco control plans need to further the motive to discontinue smoking through policy alterations and media runs every bit good as through advancing quit line services ( CDC, 2007 ) . The authorities at this degree will be responsible for patroling policies which are put in topographic point to implement the ordinances and limitations on baccy usage and its publicity. Some surveies have shown that execution of authorities policy to censor smoke has worked really good. For illustration a survey which evaluated the consequence of smoking prohibition at a jobsite by Borland et Al ( 1999 ) , found out that, workplace smoking prohibition contributed to a decrease of coffin nail ingestion. There was no grounds to propose that heavy tobacco users who were deemed as the most addicted compensated the greatest during java and tiffin interruptions. This could propose that the fuss of go forthing the workplace to smoke was an hindrance taking to a decrease in ingestion ( Borland et al, 1990 ) . It besides implies that including institutional and public policies in wellness publicity can accomplish an appropriate behavior alteration because non merely will the person have to postulate with the incommodiousness but besides the possibility of interrupting the jurisprudence and holding to confront the effects, farther deters persons from coffin nail ingestion. The smoke prohibition, as mentioned earlier, Was a authorities scheme to advance a healthy state. So in this instance employers are merely utilizing their substructure to implement a authorities scheme. Evaluation of the Model One cardinal advantage of the socio-ecological theoretical account is that it has the ability to integrate schemes of wellness publicity by utilizing behaviour alteration and environmental betterment in a wide theoretical frame work ( Stokols, 1996 ) . It besides highlights a cross-level scrutiny of health-related jobs and proposes an appropriate interventional scheme by incorporating two or more systematic degrees ( Stokols, 1996 ) . For illustration: organizational, personal or community degrees that allow practicians to analyze both persons and cumulative visual aspect of wellness jobs and how it affects intercessions at all the different degrees ( Stokols, 1996 ) . Hence the unsighted musca volitanss that can non be identified by other theoretical accounts, due to concentrating on merely a fix determiner of wellness or either the person or the environment is avoided as attending is given to an interplay of factors at both single and other comprehensive degrees ( Stokols, 1996 ) . However, the social-ecological theoretical account is non without its restrictions. First, intercessions designed based on the social-ecological theoretical account require incorporation of different Fieldss of cognition. It besides involves the coordination of different sectors in the community. It hence becomes practically impossible to implement such plans ( Stokols, 1996 ) . Therefore, this method should be regarded as lone portion of the theoretical account that can be actively implemented and that the remainder is merely inactive. It is hence logical to inquire whether the social-ecological theoretical account is excessively inclusive in trying to embrace so many factors and taking the focal point off from the person and in consequence doing the single feel less responsible. In practise, it is of import to allow the single feel they are non on their ain by offering support. However, it is of import for the practicians, to non take duty off from the person. Decision In decision, the socio-ecological theoretical account identifies human behavior to happen in extremely organised constructions which can hold a great impact on the wellbeing of the person ( Stokols, 1996 ) . Behaviour alteration can be achieved by act uponing the physical, environmental and the societal interactions of the person, though this may non be ever so, however, the social-ecological position of wellness publicity is more likely to accomplish a higher impact as it uses a multi-disciplinary attack.

Entrepreneurs vs. Executives at Socaba.com

Entrepreneurs vs. Executives at Socaba.com "I must have a prodigious amount of mind; it takes me as much as a week, sometimes, to make it up!" ¢Ã‚€Â• Mark TwainVendimet q « ne marrim  §do dit « mund t « ndikojn « n « rezultatet e s « nes «rmes, ose edhe mund t « ndryshojn « komplet rrjedh «n e jet «s ton «. N « var «si t « situat «s, neve na duhet t « marrim vendime t « thjeshta, ose t « v «shtira. Disa vendime ne i marrim shpejt, p «r t « tjera mendohemi m « shum «, sepse mund t « jen « vendime me impakt t « madh. Kur jemi t « vegj «l, prind «rit tan « ose familjar « t « tjer «, jan « p «rgjith «sisht p «rgjegj «s p «r t « na udh «zuar q « t « b «jm « zgjedhjet e duhura, supozohet se ata jan « njer «zit t « cil «t na ndihmojn « p «r t « dalluar t « mir «n nga e keqja, si dhe pasojat q « rrjedhin nga veprimet apo vendimet tona. Kur rritemi, p «rgjegj «sia mbi vendimmarrjen rritet, dhe ne p «rpiqemi qà ‚ « t « praktikojm « gj «rat q « na kan « m «suar, ndoshta edhe vendimet mund t'i marrim n « m «nyr «n q « na  «sht « udh «zuar.Jeta  «sht « plot me alternativa, disa prej tyre quhen vendime t « "m «dha", gjat « fazave t « ndryshme t « jet «s ne i japim form « t « ardhmes ton «, dhe p «rpiqemi q « t « arrijm « objektivat e vendosura. Vendimet mund t'i quajm « si  §el «s p «r t « arritur suksesin, por n « disa raste ato jan « shum « t « v «shtira dhe komplekse.Ndonj «her « ne b «jm « zgjedhje t « gabuara. B «jm « zgjedhje t « gabuara, p «r t « m «suar prej tyre. N « disa raste gabojm « sepse na testohet dhe c «nohet e drejta jon «, si njeri, si qytetar, apo si student n « rastin konkret. Ndodhin ngjarje t « cilat mund t « t « vendosin para zgjedhjeve konfliktuale me vlerat apo besimet e tua, gj « e cila ndonj «her « t «  §on drejt vendimeve t « nxituara.Nj « vit m « par «, n « prag diplomimi, ndodhi nj « "incident", i cili u ashtuquajt protest «. Ishte dit « e M «rkur «,

Examples of Polar and Nonpolar Molecules

Examples of Polar and Nonpolar Molecules The two main classes of molecules are polar molecules and nonpolar molecules. Some molecules are clearly polar or nonpolar, while many have some polarity and fall somewhere in between. Heres a look at what polar and nonpolar mean, how to predict whether a molecule will be one or the other, and examples of representative compounds. Key Takeaways: Polar and Nonpolar In chemistry, polarity refers to the distribution of electric charge around atoms, chemical groups, or molecules.Polar molecules occur when there is an electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms.Nonpolar molecules occur when electrons are shared equal between atoms of a diatomic molecule or when polar bonds in a larger molecule cancel each other out. Polar Molecules Polar molecules occur when two atoms do not share electrons equally in a covalent bond. A dipole forms, with part of the molecule carrying a slight positive charge and the other part carrying a slight negative charge. This happens when there is a difference between the electronegativity of each atom. An extreme difference forms an ionic bond, while a lesser difference forms a polar covalent bond. Fortunately, you can look up electronegativity on a table to predict whether or not atoms are likely to form polar covalent bonds. If the electronegativity difference between the two atoms is between 0.5 and 2.0, the atoms form a polar covalent bond. If the electronegativity difference between the atoms is greater than 2.0, the bond is ionic. Ionic compounds are extremely polar molecules. Examples of polar molecules include: Water - H2OAmmonia - NH3Sulfur dioxide - SO2Hydrogen sulfide - H2SEthanol - C2H6O Note ionic compounds, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), are polar. However, most of the time when people talk about polar molecules they mean polar covalent molecules and not all types of compounds with polarity! Nonpolar Molecules When molecules share electrons equally in a covalent bond there is no net electrical charge across the molecule. In a nonpolar covalent bond, the electrons are evenly distributed. You can predict nonpolar molecules will form when atoms have the same or similar electronegativity. In general, if the electronegativity difference between two atoms is less than 0.5, the bond is considered nonpolar, even though the only truly nonpolar molecules are those formed with identical atoms. Nonpolar molecules also form when atoms sharing a polar bond arrange such that the electric charges cancel each other out. Examples of nonpolar molecules include: Any of the noble gasses: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe (These are atoms, not technically molecules.)Any of the homonuclear diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, Cl2 (These are truly nonpolar molecules.)Carbon dioxide - CO2Benzene - C6H6Carbon tetrachloride - CCl4Methane - CH4Ethylene - C2H4Hydrocarbon liquids, such as gasoline and tolueneMost organic molecules Polarity and Mixing Solutions If you know the polarity of molecules, you can predict whether or not they will mix together to form chemical solutions. The general rule is that like dissolves like, which means polar molecules will dissolve into other polar liquids and nonpolar molecules will dissolve into nonpolar liquids. This is why oil and water dont mix: oil is nonpolar while water is polar. Its helpful to know which compounds are intermediate between polar and nonpolar because you can use them as an intermediate to dissolve a chemical into one it wouldnt mix with otherwise. For example, if you want to mix an ionic compound or polar compound in an organic solvent, you may be able to dissolve it in ethanol (polar, but not by a lot). Then, you can dissolve the ethanol solution into an organic solvent, such as xylene. Sources Ingold, C. K.; Ingold, E. H. (1926). The Nature of the Alternating Effect in Carbon Chains. Part V. A Discussion of Aromatic Substitution with Special Reference to Respective Roles of Polar and Nonpolar Dissociation; and a Further Study of the Relative Directive Efficiencies of Oxygen and Nitrogen. J. Chem. Soc.: 1310–1328. doi:10.1039/jr9262901310Pauling, L. (1960). The Nature of the Chemical Bond (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 98–100. ISBN 0801403332.Ziaei-Moayyed, Maryam; Goodman, Edward; Williams, Peter (November 1,2000). Electrical Deflection of Polar Liquid Streams: A Misunderstood Demonstration. Journal of Chemical Education. 77 (11): 1520. doi:10.1021/ed077p1520

Economy of United Kingdom Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economy of United Kingdom - Case Study Example Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in importance. GDP growth slipped in 2001-03 as the global downturn, the high value of the pound, and the bursting of the "new economy" bubble hurt manufacturing and exports. Output recovered in 2004, to 3.2% growth, then slowed to 1.7% in 2005 and 2.7% in 2006. " (Exxun.com, 2007) The Economy of the United Kingdom can be classified as the "capitalist" economy. The most prominent characteristic of the capitalist economy is the control of few people on a large amount of Capital. These people are also responsible for taking important economic decisions. With the changing international circumstances the Governments of the world including United Kingdom felt the need of restricting the use of power of a specific group of people for their own commercial interests. This intervention resulted in shape of the British economy which can described as a "mixed" economy, with government playing an important role along with private enterprise. Although British people often disagree about exactly where to draw the line between their beliefs regarding, both free enterprise and government management, the mixed economy they have developed has been remarkably successful. The natural resources are considered as the most important ingredient of a nation's economic system. The United Kingdom is blessed with enormous reserves of minerals. The fertile soil and the moderate climatic conditions effectively eke the farming process.The labour plays vital role in the growth of an economy. Higher level of working population is considered as an important indicator of a progressive economy. The labour market of the U.K has always remained competitive due to an abundant supply of productive labour. A unique characteristic of the labour force is diversity. The 20th century British labour force constituted Asians and Latin Americans as the major part. This supply of the immigrants in the British job market also resulted in some periods of high unemployment. Many of these immigrants provide their services on relatively lower wages as compare to the native citizens. With the abundant supply of labour and the factors of production the economic growth multiplied increasing the chances for immigrants to find more job opportunities (Conte & Karr, 2001). British economy was facing boom before being hit by the events of 9/11. The economy had fastest growth rate and the lowest unemployment rate which was kept low for thirty years to a level of 3.8% in 2001 but after 9/11 the unemployment rate rose to 6.4% in 2003 more than a million jobs were loss lost during that period. The Government has applied different policies in order to address the issues facing the economy. Govt. has been trying to stable the economy by using cutting of taxes and lowering the interest rates, but these options are for short-term period. There are also some long-term issues to be reviewed. The U.K. economy has benefited from privatisation of industry, free market policies and the development of its oil and gas sector, the largest in the EU. (The Galt Global Review, 2007) Speeding the recovery: For the policy makers the main issue was to accelerate the

Organization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organization - Research Paper Example As such, the employees will know how to improve the performance of the organisation by implementing the techniques used in training. Thirdly, the HR should insist on using technology in some of the activities. It is decreed that technology improves production. Therefore, employees that use technology will give the organisation competitive advantage. 3. Necessity of job descriptions Organisations have to be open about job descriptions. All workers should be given their job descriptions. However, when this is not done, there are possible scenarios that would be experienced. First, all workers will not be responsible for the hard tasks at the work place. The hard task will be left unattended, as each worker will prefer lighter tasks (Aaker, 2011). Secondly, there will be no accountability. None of the workers will be accountable for loss of property. Similarly, no worker will accept liability when part of the work is not done. Lastly, without job descriptions, there will be minimal prod uction. This is due to the haphazard execution of tasks. 4. Drawbacks to using flexible work hours Employees have to provide optimum production while at their work place. This includes working for a specified period before taking a rest. However, some organisations prefer flexible working hours for their employees. This could expose the organisation to negativity. First, such an approach will encourage irresponsible behaviour. The workers will not report to their places of work as required (Robin, 2004). For example, they will find excuses to justify their irresponsible behaviour. Secondly, workers will be choosy on the schedules at work. They will prefer a schedule that is minimally supervised. This will reduce the productivity. Thirdly, collective progress will not be realised since the employees will choose different working hours. 8. Basis of ability or on personality Applicants should be primarily selected on basis of ability. The ostensible reason for an organisation is to get work done at the most appropriate time and within the set parameters. Workers with ability can increase productivity of an organisation to an optimum level. They are versatile in executing their work since they have the ability to do so (Learn Media BPP, 2010). As a fact, workers with a basis of ability have the mindset to learn new techniques at the work place. As such, they are likely to conform to the needs of the organisation. On the other hand, personality is not directly related to productivity. An organisation that picks personality will expose decent behaviour, but will not necessarily have optimum production. 9. Laying off workers Laying off workers is a process where an organisation reduces the number of workers. This can be due to a reduction in productivity, foreseen market concerns and when there is a need to cut on costs. To begin with, managers prefer to lay off workers with cyclic Sicknesses. These workers are constantly off duty due to their sicknesses. Therefore, the managers prefer to lay off such worker to cut on costs. Apparently, the option of early retirement is not considered in such a situation. This is due to the increased costs especially in insurance payments for the worker. Secondly, managers prefer to lay off workers especially when their payments have been revised (Beynon-Davies, 2009). An increase in the payments would mean an increase in the pension schemes payable to

Critical Evaluation of Current Integrated Marketing Communications Essay - 2

Critical Evaluation of Current Integrated Marketing Communications Practice - Essay Example d sales promotions as well as the people with intention to have a major positive effect on the people decision and perception when they are combined together. IMC is also referred to as â€Å"a strategic marketing process specifically designed to ensure that all messaging and communication strategies are unified across all channels and are centered on the customer† (JIMC, 2011). It is done in a way that allows one medium’s weakness to be offset by the strength of another medium it is used together with. This process according to the journal of integrated marketing process emphasizes that customer prospects should be identified and assessed so that messages are tailored towards such customers in a way that is profitable and can allow for evaluation of its success to minimize waste. This, they propose can be done in five steps beginning with customer identification from behavioral data, evaluation of customer prospects, creating and delivering messages and incentives, estimating returns on customer investment and finally to budgeting, allocation, evaluation and recycling. The process is cyclic. This paper is going to look into how Ford motor vehicle manufacturer has been if true been using IMC to do its marketing while reflecting on the impact of this marketing tool to the overall strategic goals of the company. It is also going to look into the company’s success story from the use of this marketing strategy. Ford’s business strategy is based on its plan which was adopted in 2007 and has guided the company since then (Ford, 2014). It is indeed true that Ford motor company is adopting the use of integrated marketing communication as a strategy of winning more customers and increasing their market presence and revenue in overall. According to the definitions of the integrated marketing and communications discussed above, it is possible for a company to succeed in it by creating their strategy from the basis of their business while centering on the customer

Julio Cortazar Casa Tomada Analysis

Julio Cortazar Casa Tomada Analysis Analyse the treatment of the â€Å"outsider† or â€Å"outsiders† in one of the texts studied on the course. What role does this tension play in the socio-political vision of the author? Julio Cortazar was one of most influential Argentine writers of all time. He was one of the great masters of short stories and was compared to the likes of Jorge Luis Borges. Cortazars literature is closely linked to social and cultural realities of Latin America and in particular Argentina. This essay will begin with the history of Julio Cortazar including his background influences and the style of his texts with focus on the short story ‘La Casa Tomada. Then this shall lead on to the analysis of the treatment of characters that are considered as â€Å"outsiders† in the story focusing on the different interpretations of the main characters and the unknown invaders that take over the house. Furthermore, the role of these â€Å"outsiders† will be discussed relating to the socio-political vision of Cortazar and the influence of politics on his writing, incorporating the socio-political situation in Buenos Aires, Argentina at that time. In 1914, Julio Cortazar was born in Brussels, Belgium of Argentine parents, after World War 1 his family returned to Buenos Aires, Argentina. This was where he grew up and became educated, then later moved to Paris in 1951, after obtaining a French scholarship, where he died in 1984 at the age of 70. Prior to becoming a writer, he worked as a teacher and then as a translator. (Prego Cortazar, 1997) Cortazar is known as one of the Latin American writers of the â€Å"boom† that exploded onto the world literary scene. The literary boom was during the middle of the 20th century when Latin American writers work became published in Europe and the rest of the world. The stories were known to associate with magical realism which is where ‘unreal things are treated as if realistic and mundane, and mundane things as if unreal. The plots of these stories usually combined real and fantastic elements in a way that makes them difficult to separate. (www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Latin-American-Boom) Stories that have been written by Julio Cortazar normally mix fantasy with Latin American reality. The story being focused on, ‘La Casa Tomada by Julio Cortazar, was initially published in the 1946 review ‘Los Anales de Buenos Aires which was directed by Jorge Luis Borges. It then appeared his in his first volume of short stories ‘Bestario in 1951. (www.juliocortazar.com.ar/hislife.htm) In the story, a middle-aged brother and sister live together in an old large family house, situated in the North district of Buenos Aires. They spend their days doing routine tasks with little variation. The sister, Irene, knits and the brother reads and collects stamps. They both clean the house and cook meals together. One day they hear mysterious noises within the house, but they do not worry. Without much explication, they abandon parts of the house because of this invading noise. When eventually the unknown noises take over the whole house, they leave the house with nothing and throw the key away. It is written in the first person with the narrator being the protagonist in the story. This means the protagonist is the centre of attention and this allows the reader to participate in all the events. The reader can see all the thoughts and ideas of the protagonist so they can easily identify with the protagonist. This adds realism to the story in contrast with the ‘unknown characters that bring an element of the surrealism that ‘boom writers are known for. The northern district of Buenos Aires where the protagonist and his sister live is the rich and privileged area and from the start of the story, it sets out to the reader that the siblings are from privileged backgrounds. â€Å"Nos gustaba la casa porque aparte de espaciosa y antigua (hoy que las casas antiguas sucumben a la mas ventajosa liquidacià ³n de sus materiales) [†¦]† (Cortazar, page 1). The house has eight bedrooms so previously their family would have occupied all the rooms and they would have had maids to work for them. The large house was previously owned by their ancestors and they are the last of a long line of family. â€Å"[†¦] guardaba los recuerdos de nuestros bisabuelos, el abuelo paterno, nuestros padres y toda la infancia.† (Cortazar, page 1). It seems they can afford to live without working.Instead they spend their days doing little more than cleaning, reading and knitting with rare communication with the outside world. From this, the theme of â€Å"outsiders† comes into play, which plays a strong role throughout the story. From analyzing the story, the unknown invaders are immediately seen as the â€Å"outsiders† that come in and take over. However, the siblings could also be â€Å"outsiders† giving that they are so cut off from the rest of society. Cortazar portrays the siblings as very unusual and lonely characters that do little to prevent themselves from being outsiders in society. The siblings seem to be obsessed by routine and keeping the house clean. We find out little about the narrator except that he like French literature. He portrays the sister Irene as a very passive female who is happy to just spend her time knitting. They share the cleaning and cooking chores between themselves. The narrator says how they never use the back part of the house except entering to clean. Therefore, there is already a barrier created between them and the â€Å"outsiders† with the large oak door. There is a reference to how much dust collects on the furniture. â€Å"Buenos Aires sera una ciudad limpia, pero eso se lo debe a sus habitantes y no a otra cosa.† The narrator seems to imply that the middle-class citizens keep the city clean. He also says â€Å"Hay demasiada tierra en el aire† which is ironic seeing as the city is called â€Å"Buenos Aires†. (Holmes:2004, pg254) There is an incestuous aspect between the brother and sister as they have reached middle age and the only time they spend is with each other, uninterested in others outside the house. â€Å"Simple y silencioso matrimonio de hermanos[†¦]† (Cortazar) This shows they had no plans to marry anybody else and have children to pass on the house to. This incestuous theme is something Cortazar said may have been related to his own life; â€Å"Yo empecà © a pensar y a descubrir que efectivamentea traves de mis sereà ±os yo tengo una problema incestuoso con una hermana mia† (Cortazar por Cortazar, pg 43) The brother and sister can be seen as outsiders at the end of the story aswell because they are the ones that end up on the outside of the house with nowhere to go. They have numerous possessions at the start of their story and bit by bit, it is taken away from them until they are left outside with nothing. â€Å" ¿Tuviste tiempo de traer alguna cosa? le preguntà © inà ºtilmente. No, nada.† The other â€Å"outsiders† are the invaders that are seen as unknown enemies. They are referred to as plural during the story for example when they take over the first part of the house; â€Å"-Tuve que cerrar la puerta del pasillo. Han tomado parte del fondo.† (Cortazar) so the reader automatically presumes it is more than one unknown character. The unknown outsiders are treated as very unwelcome and they can be seen as threatening. Throughout the story, Cortazar leaves no clues to whom or what these noises are and it seems as if the brother and sister are not necessarily that scared or shocked by them. An example is after the part where the brother says to Irene that they had taken over the back part: â€Å"Dejà ³ caer el tejido y me mirà ³ con sus graves ojos cansados. - ¿Estas seguro? Asenti. -Entonces -dijo recogiendo las agujas- tendremos que vivir en este lado.† She does not show any fear and just carries on knitting. They seem to have knowledge of whom or what has invaded the house and act alone in defending themselves against this invasion. At the end of the story, the outsiders are still left as unidentifiable and mysterious characters to the reader and leaves them guessing. It is up to the reader to come to their own conclusion about whom or what they think these strange noises are. The beginning of the story starts as very realistic with a description of their lives then once the outsiders that invade take over the first part of the house, it becomes surreal. Cortazar puts a lot of emphasis on the description of the house; the house seems unwelcoming as it lacks the comfort and security of a home. The characters feel unsafe in their home and ready to flee at any point and it loses any feeling of safety when the others take over. Cortazar explores the connection between identity and the home. The house shows everything about the siblings such as their wealth, their background and their hobbies and once they no longer have the house, they lose their identity. The house is personified in the story; â€Å"a veces llegamos a pensar que era ella que no nos dejà ³ casar.† This shows it has some sort of control over the brother and sister living within and creates a barrier between them and the real world. The only time that the brother visits outside is when he goes to get his French literature or wool for Irene to knit and Irene never leaves the house. Also, note that the street name Rodriguez Peà ±a was the name of Cortazars street when he lived in Buenos Aires. (Maquiera: 2004, pg.10) Therefore, this shows how the story relates to his own personal experience. It seems the treatment of these outsiders seems to play a strong role in the vision of Cortazar as the story is related to his life. There are numerous interpretations for the meaning behind La Casa Tomada but the one that stands out seems to be that Cortazar uses the relation between the characters, the outsiders and the home as a way to respond to social and political tensions that were occurring in Buenos Aires during that time. Cortazar wrote the story post-war when Juan Pà ©ron had recently come into power over Argentina. Initially Pà ©ron had worked his way up by taking a position that nobody else was interested in as the head of the Labour department. From there he appealed to the workers. Pà ©ron aimed for an independent Argentina, free from foreign economical influence. Pà ©ron promised a â€Å"New Argentina† founded on â€Å"social justice, political sovereignty, and economic independence†. He showed support for the workers that he called the â€Å"masas descamisadas† by increasing wage earners income and building a large number of low cost homes. (Rock: 1987 pg.262-263) Cortazar was anti-peronist and demonstrated against his regime. He saw Pà ©ron as a dictator and felt threatened by the control. â€Å"Si bien Cortazar no comulgaba aun con el socialismo, su postura hacia la politica del nuevo gobierno era abiertamente critica† (Maquiera: 2004, pg.19.) Pà ©ron aimed to integrate the population and bring about social reforms. Many, including Cortazar saw him and his wife Evita as a political and economical threat and â€Å"a threat to good taste†. They saw him â€Å"encouraging the invasion of Buenos Aires by riffraff from the provinces†. The racist term â€Å"cabecitas negras† was used against the immigrant workers. (Standish: 2001 pg.4) For the opponents of Pà ©ron his promises were myths and had caused a divided society with a bankrupt economy and a nation controlled by a dictatorship. â€Å"El Peronismo significà ³ la llega a la capital de la clase obrera del interior del pais y la entrada de esa poblacià ³n en la vida social y cultural de la ciudad† (Maquiera: 2004, pg. 20). Although Cortazar does not link them directly, the ‘outsiders in the story can be seen as a satire in showing the socio-political vision of Cortazar against Pà ©ronism and the arrival of the working class during that period. The story could be portrayed as showing the anxieties of the upper and middle classes of Buenos Aires during the nine-year administration of Juan Pà ©ron. By showing how they felt marginalised because of the increasing number of rural immigrants that were coming into the city for work. Just like the protagonists in the story, their way of life had changed and these invaders into the house may symbolise the workers coming into the city. Therefore, the role of these outsiders could be an allegory of the migrant workers that moved into Buenos Aires and took over a lot of the jobs and the brother and sister could symbolise the Argentineans that felt like these migrants invaded them. â€Å"Bien podria representar todos mis miedos, o quiza, todas mis aversiones; en ese caso la interpretacià ³n antiperonista me parece bastante posible, emergiendo incluso inconscientemente†. Julio Cortazar (www.abretelibro.com) The story is most commonly seen as an anti-peronist allegory and expresses the fear that Cortazar may have felt about outsiders in Argentina. The feeling of fear felt that was caused by Perons military government and by the invasion of industrialisation. However, the story has also been seen as similar to that of Adam and Eve; they are expelled from their small and closed paradise into an unknown world. html.rincondelvago.com/casa-tomada_julio-cortazar_2.html When asked, Cortazar says that ‘La Casa Tomada was inspired from a nightmare that he had and that when he woke from this nightmare he immediately started writing the story. The house described in the story is the same as in his nightmare. â€Å"La à ºnica diferencia entre lo soà ±ado y el cuento es que en la pesadilla yo estaba solo.† (Prego: 1990, pg79) When he woke up, he immediately started writing the story. Therefore, he says that it is his dream that should be analyzed not the story. â€Å"Es un cuento que para mi no tiene absolutamente ningà ºn contexto de ninguna naturaleza salvo la pesadilla.† (Garfield:1978 pg 89) The architecture of the house plays an important role in the link between the present and the past in Buenos Aires. The house symbolizes the citys aristocratic past, after Independence, Buenos Aires chose European instead of colonial architecture. Architects were brought over by the Government from Europe to design buildings. (Holmes: 2003 pg254) Again, this shows the fear that the characters have of change from the past, as they prefer their traditional style European house. During the time, that a large amount of immigrants from overseas and migrants from the countryside came there was a demand for more housing. So new housing projects were created for the middle-class resulting in higher value for houses like theirs as the narrator points out at the beginning of the story (Holmes: 2004), â€Å"las casas antiguas sucumben a la mas ventajosa liquidacià ³n de sus materiales† (Cortazar). The brother and sister prefer the European style spacious house and enclose themselves in what represents the urban past. They seclude themselves from the city and in turn make themselves outsiders from the modern Argentina. Therefore, the invaders could be the city making them leave their home. Throughout the text there are numerous historical references such as the French literature which the brother enjoys reading. This seems to be one of the few ‘outside things that are accepted into the house. He also finds that â€Å"Desde 1939 no llegaba  nada valioso a la Argentina† which refers to the lack of European culture in Argentina because of the war. The brother only seems to find value in French literature and has to re-read what French literature he has. Once again, this also shows the link with their fear of change. The relationship between the characters and the house shows their lack of interest in modernity and change. They seem to want to stay within a routine and show little interest towards changes outside of their house in Argentina. This story may represent Peronist Buenos Aires but can also represent the role of Europe in post-colonial space. It seems that Cortazar rejects how Argentina has become post-European influence. The story may also portray the modern Buenos Aires conflicting with the past city. After looking in depth at the story and the history related to the story, I can conclude that the different â€Å"outsiders† in the story play a strong role in the socio-political vision of Julio Cortazar. La Casa Tomada has numerous interpretations about its hidden meaning. Although when questioned, he does not specifically relate it to a particular opinion but to a nightmare he had. This showed his underlying preoccupations with the events in Buenos Aires during that time. The theme of outsiders is continued throughout the story and each character shows an aspect of being an outsider. The invaders that take over the house from the siblings are seen both as the workers that moved into Buenos Aires invading the space of the middle-class or as the city making the protagonists leave their safe past and as face the changing Buenos Aires. The protagonists show a stereotype example of the middle-class people of Argentina during that time that feared any sort of change, though in the original nightmare it is Cortazar himself. It is Cortazar that it seems had this fear of invasion from â€Å"outsiders† and was concerned about the changes occurring. The role of the outsiders is very effective in demonstrating his feelings about Pà ©ron and the changes within Argentina.